Future Orientation free essay sample

What do we esteem as Americans? As a rule, American morals are the equivalent. One of these qualities is of future direction. Americans not just worth the future, they esteem their future. Americans are fixated on the guarantee of things to come just as the enhancements the future will bring. However, similarly as Americans energetically sit tight for the future, they stress over what it holds for themselves and with that, they do what they can to guarantee their future is as splendid as it can be. In â€Å"Values Americans Live By,† L. Robert Kohls says, â€Å"Even an upbeat present goes to a great extent unnoticed in light of the fact that, glad as it might be, Americans have generally been cheerful that the future would bring significantly more prominent happiness† (Kohls.) I concur with Mr. Kohls that future direction is imperative to Americans and I keep up it is essential to be readied, however I likewise accept that the worth has been made excessively urgent. The estimation of future direction in America’s society today is clear inside our schools and the understudies the nation over contending with one another and taking a stab at progress. School pressure is an issue found in understudies of any age the nation over. It can begin in understudies as youthful as children at the grade school level. In an article written in the magazine, Today’s Parent, a little fellow of only eight got worried about school and began to despise going to class since he didn’t comprehend what was being educated in class. Annoyed and worried, he began to accept he was inept and something must not be right with him. (â€Å"I dont wanna go to class today: when going to class stresses kids out.†) If an understudy isn’t understanding an instructors exercises in school, the child, a larger number of times than not, gets worried and stresses that he can’t stay aware of different understudies. Indeed, even at ages as youthful as eight, kids are worried about doing admirably for their prospects. Youngsters show the most grounded manifestations of stress. Five percent to 10% of adolescents at any one time experience the ill effects of sorrow which can prompt self destruction in around 15 percent of those young people if not rewarded appropriately. (â€Å"Stess and Drug Abuse.†) There are numerous explanations behind this downturn in youngsters; hairsplitting in school is one of them. (Arenofsky.) Perfectionism can relate to various things, yet the one to be centered around is hairsplitting of school evaluations and work. In any case, the stressing doesn’t stop there. Since we are informed that universities take a gander at everything, we begin to consider everything we have to do to get into school beside simply getting passing marks. (Rogers.) These extracurricular exercises incorporate, sports, clubs, authority programs, chipping in and making some part-memories work. These duties just add to the stress.Research shows that teenager self destruction because of stress is the third driving reason for death among youthful grown-ups and young people 15 to 24 years old. (â€Å"Life on the Highway.†) The academic rivalry in America nowadays in unfathomably high, particularly at the school level. In secondary school, understudies are continually compelled to stress over school; ensuring one is readied, concentrating hard, and taking an interest in sports and extracurriculars. Understudies are raced into making sense of what theyre going to accomplish for an amazing remainder. Were forced into attempting to get into the most ideal universities, causing gigantic measures of worry at such a youthful age. While trying to stay aware of the opposition, understudies are continually bustling which raises the inquiry, when do they have the opportunity to be a child? The explanation the issue of understudy self destruction has truly gotten genuine in universities is on the grounds that understudies are beginning to hope for something else from themselves. Also, in school, the opposition is higher than you could envision. First class schools particularly battle with understudy self destruction. As indicated by an article about understudy self destruction, there is an expanded delicacy of understudies and obvious higher rate of sorrow and genuine dysfunctional behavior (Gose.) The article additionally centers around tip top schools where the opposition is, no uncertainty, considerably higher than that in an alternate school. Understudies feel burdened by horrible scores and the feeling that they have to accomplish something incredible with their life, particularly when they get high instruction like the ones gave by first class schools. Harvard has arrived at the midpoint of one self destruction for every year in the previous ten years in their und erstudies. Numerous first class schools, for example, Harvard, are finding a way to forestall gloom and self destruction in their understudies by recruiting more analysts, making encouraging groups of people, and in any event, giving phone hotlines. Moreover, cerebrum inquire about now shows that individuals who are presented to pressure are bound to manhandle liquor or different medications. As indicated by an article on the association of stress and medication misuse, stress can cause changes in the mind like changes brought about by addictive medications. Along these lines, a few people who experience pressure may be progressively liable to tranquilize misuse, compulsion, or backslide. (â€Å"Stress and Drug Abuse.†) There are steps you can take to oversee pressure. It’s significant for individuals who are worried to recollect tips, for example, to deal with oneself, center, and proceed onward. The estimations of individuals in American culture extend from an assortment of things. Future direction, or the picture people have of things to come, is one of these qualities. In spite of the fact that I think anticipating the future and buckling down is significant, I don’t figure it ought to be critical to such an extent that it turns into an issue of worry for understudies. Schools need to offer more assistance and backing for understudies managing pressure and stress related illnesses.Student’s these days are centered around progress and contending with one another. This, customarily, prompts pressure which can begin a balance of practices, for example, gloom, tranquilize use and even self destruction. In schools, where such understudies can be discovered, shows exactly the amount American’s esteem what's to come.

The Effects of Beat Writers and Experimental Poetry on Edwin Morgans Work :: Edwin Morgan Poetry Beat Writers Essays

The Effects of Beat Writers and Experimental Poetry on Edwin Morgan's Work Talking about impacts that somehow or another or other reason a creator to change his work for the most part presents a few challenges, for instance, for what reason do we think a specific impact more significant than another, and which one do we pick when there are a wide range of ones? In Edwin Morgan's case there are a lot of impacts, every one of them worth examining: There are creators he deciphered like Vladimir Mayakovsky, Francesco Petrarca, Sã ¡ndor Weã ¶res, Eugenio Montale, Andrei Voznesensky, Attila Jã ³zsef, and others; there are likewise William Blake, Percy Bysshe Shelley, G.M. Hopkins and John Milton, and there is the way of thinking of Bakhtin and Wittgenstein. In any case, in this paper I will focus on the impact that the Beat journalists and trial verse had on Morgan's work; impact, in light of the fact that these have caused a more prominent change than any of different impacts. Beat artists and trial verse worked as impetuses for Morgan's work, since they set procedures going that changed his composition all things considered. Acquired from science the expression impetus alludes to any substance that causes or potentially expands the pace of a response without itself being devoured after the procedure has been finished. Also, this is exactly what happened when Morgan found the Beatniks and trial verse. Before breaking down the impacts of these two impetuses on Edwin Morgan's work, we should investigate the verse he composed before finding them. Thusly I welcome you to my time-traveling research center: First we will make a trip to take an example and to break down our ground substance toward the start of the 1950s as two sonnets, 'The Cape of Good Hope' (1955) and 'The Vision of Cathkin Braes' (1952). We will at that point fly over to America to look at the Beat Catalyst, and return to Glasgow around 1960 to check whether the Beat impetus caused or expanded any responses; normally, potential responses should be archived. Be that as it may, we can't remain excessively long, as we need to travel to Brazil and to Switzerland to accumulate the other impetus, a genuinely exploratory one. After our arrival we will again check if any responses have been caused or expanded. We will at that point archive these, check if there have been any extra responses or maybe if some drawn out response s have been caused, compose a convention, wash the test cylinders, and set the mice free.

Forces In Connection To Home Entertainment â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Forces In Connection To Home Entertainment? Answer: Introducation The most importantly part of the Porters Five Forces is the danger of new participants to the market in thought. For this situation, the market is that of home amusement and it very well may be said that there are prospects of other better choices entering the diversion showcase which have odds of being progressively fit to the necessities of numerous clients. The online destinations just as the more up to date diversion applications likewise give a scope of shows which request to watchers of various age gatherings. The more current and better advancements may end up being contenders of the existent home diversion advertising if increasingly rewarding arrangements are related with them. Solid brand names can possibly challenge the keen TV alternatives. The choices of less expensive however better options will undoubtedly be increasingly worthwhile to the individuals. The level of contention can be supposed to be moderate (E. Dobbs 2014). The following viewpoint is that of the danger of substitutes or duplicates of the items just as administrations gave. For this situation, the brilliant TVs can without much of a stretch face rivalry from substitutes because of the way that there are a few choices for survey substance or demonstrates that intrigue to all age gatherings (Grimm 2017). The following is the information and the dealing intensity of the clients. It very well may be expressed that for this situation the dealing intensity of the clients is very high in light of the fact that, the approach of innovation has prompted the significant levels of mindfulness identified with the brilliant TV and more current parts of home amusement. The fourth factor is the information and the dealing intensity of the providers. The providers can advance a few focuses with respect to the channels gave, the broadcast appointment flexibly, the glitches in the channel communicate, etc. The haggling power if there should be an occurrence of the providers is generally high. The last factor is the contention among the current business. This is additionally high since TV is perhaps the most elevated supporter of home diversion and will undoubtedly confront a few difficulties from likely contenders. This is generally low as there are not many contenders of the TV advertise and the legislature has likewise restricted odds of conceivable rivalry (BetaNews 2017). Key bit of leeway as per Michael Porter is the appropriation of a minimal effort technique where the administrations are given that are comparative or better than their rivals however the expenses are lower in contrast with them. In the event of the home diversion in association with shrewd TVs, it very well may be said that the administrations gave ought to be rewarding and advantageous so as to speak to the clients and it gets hard to substitute them (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). The channels, membership costs, the viewership rights ought to be the most reduced in contrast with the contenders. This ought to be done to guarantee that no other contender can overwhelm the current market predominance. References: BetaNews. (2017).Smart TVs present tremendous security bookkeeping. [online] Available at: https://betanews.com/2016/01/20/brilliant tvs-present gigantic security-dangers/[Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Dobbs, M., 2014. Rules for applying Porter's five powers structure: a lot of industry investigation templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Grimm, N. (2017).Samsung brilliant TV raises security issues. [online] ABC Radio. Accessible at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-10/samsung-shrewd television raises-security issues/6083058 [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. what's more, Park, Y., 2012. An expository system process way to deal with operationalization of five powers model.Applied Mathematical management,36(4), pp.1783-1795.

Satire on Global Warming Essays

Parody on Global Warming Essays Parody on Global Warming Paper Parody on Global Warming Paper I am recommending that the individuals of the world limit their warmth use to the extraordinary. This implies insignificant warming in vehicles, houses, and the utilization of machines that create heat must be limited. On the off chance that everybody forfeits this measure of warming, we can recover the earth down to an ordinary temperature. The utilization of hair dryers, hair curlers, PCs, copiers, or whatever other electrical machine which produces any measure of warmth must be restricted to an hour out of each day. At the current second, most electrical machines r gadgets are kept turned on all through the whole day, regardless of whether they are being used or simply sitting some place creating heat, which thus, is causing a dangerous atmospheric devation. In late news reports, 49 out of the 50 states have had snowfall around the same time. The main express that didn't have snow was Hawaii. This implies the average hot states like Florida, Texas, and Alabama had snowfall. This isn't typical, particularly since this has been a rehashed event Global warming is causing confusion in the climate frameworks!!! This news should leave he individuals of the world speechless and cause them to change their ways quickly, however yet it doesn't. What will leave individuals speechless? When the world detonates on account of an excess of a worldwide temperature alteration? This issue has turned crazy and the time has come to end it. In this way, individuals of the world! It is your opportunity to have any kind of effect. Mood killer the TVs, lights, and PCs. Unplug the mobile phones, hair dryers, and toasters. Utilize less power sucking apparatuses which are warming everything up and participate in the power to spare the planet!

Three Reasons Why I LOVE Research

Three Reasons Why I LOVE Research I have been researching for almost one year now, and I think this kind of experience is quite valuable in all aspects. In the past, I want to try research solely because I need to make decisions on going to a graduate school or not, but it turns out it is a lot of fun. Recently I have been doing a research project in network analysis and data science for School of Information Science, and you will find how I love this opportunity in just a second. Citation Distortion Display using Pajek No One Knows the Answer One thing interesting about doing research is that no one knows the absolute solution to an answer. How do I set this parameter? How to add color to this vertex? At this time, the Professor acts more like a mentor who tells you where I may find the answer (using Google or related APIs) because he/she might be new to this question as well. These type of things greatly enhanced my ability to gather resources and solve problems on my own. So far, I have learned how to set up environments under different operating systems, how to use a new program by reading its manual, how to search for specific medical dataI love absorbing those new skills! Meet Different People Being in a group is totally different from doing things alone. I am lucky enough to have another two undergraduate peers who are both super nice to work on the same project and split the work. It never feels mandatory to come to our group meetings. Instead, I enjoy getting things done while talking about our life once a week. We also have our weekly group meeting with our masters student and a whole lab meeting with our professor, and I can always learn something new from others. Apply What I Have Learned Since my project is quite related to what I am doing right now, I am excited to realize that I could apply what I have just learned two weeks ago to my focus in the research. For example, I am taking Foundation of Data Science (INFO490/STAT430) which uses Python to manipulate data, therefore I used the same technique to polish my individual project about a simple tool to output display data for a given year. Also, when I was worried about some data structure problems about network analysis, I found out that I was about to learn this part in my Computer Science course within a couple lectures. Those experiences greatly motivate my interest in my course work and make me proud of what I am doing. So, that is my experience and my passion about research even though I am just a newbie in this area. I hope you find researching as exciting as I do, and have a great time researching! Connie Class of 2018 I am double majoring in Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Statistics in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. My hometown is a historical and peaceful city called Suzhou, located in southeastern China.

War on Drugs and Prison Overcrowding Analysis - 825 Words

War on Drugs and Prison Overcrowding Analysis (Essay Sample) Content: War on Drugs and Prison Overcrowding Analysis in the State Of CaliforniaNameInstitutionWar on Drugs and Prison Overcrowding Analysis in the State Of CaliforniaIn the recent years, the issue of overcrowding prison facilities has become a growing concern in the U.S. The number of inmate population has substantially increased in many correctional facilities in the country owing to the escalating crime rates in many states. As the law enforcement tactics improve every day, there is much concern that the prison facilities may experience difficulties accommodating the huge number of the inmates streaming in (Engel, 2014). Overcrowding of the prisons in the country is associated with various negative consequences to not only the inmates, but also the government. Although there exist several offences that drive people into the prisons, the war on drugs in the country has played a major role in promoting the overcrowding of the prisons in the country. This paper seek to analyz e how the war on drugs in the U.S has contributed to prison overcrowding in the state of California and discuses on the workable approaches the government and the relevant bodies can employ to mitigate the issue.According to statistics, drug convictions in the U.S are the largest contributor to prison overcrowding. In the 1980s, drug convictions rate was 15 inmates per hundred thousand adults, a number that rose to 148 inmates in 1996 (Engel, 2014). Today, it is estimated that more than half of all the Americas federal inmates are in prisons owing to drug convictions. Despite the huge convictions on drug charges, the huge penalty has become a massive failure by overcrowding the countrys correctional facilities without having any substantial impact in reducing drug abuse in the country. In California, arrests of drug abusers have sent many people into prisons. More so, the youths are currently considered the biggest culprits to the issue. Drug abuse and peddling have not only exposed people to arrests, but has also contributed to increases in crime in the state, which has accelerated the rate at which inmates are filling up the prisons for drug use and drug related crimes charges. According to reports, a 33 adult prison system in California held 143, 000 inmates in 2006, a figure that was excessively much for a prison designed to hold 80,000 inmates (Thompson, 2011).The overcrowding situations in the Californian prisons have raised some concerns in the recent years. Different bodies such as the U.S Supreme Court have called for the state government to adopt ways through which it can reduce the number of prisoners to help solve the risks associated with the condition (Thompson, 2011). It is believed that the overcrowding of the prisons exposes the inmates to various risks such as outbreak of diseases and possible death, and increased inmates violence, which act against the concept of human dignity. Locking up people in prisons for having committed crimes such as simple drug possession is seen as an oblivious act that does not benefits the country, but only does more harm to the nation. Holding a single person in a California prison can cost taxpayers up to $52,000 per year (Lyman, 2013). This amount could even be bigger in the event of some catastrophes such as outbreak of diseases in the prisons. With this in mind, there is urgent need for the Californian State Government to adopt ways to reduce the number of people going to prisons. This is important as it would save the taxpayers huge amount of money, besides ensuring that the government create a suitable environment for the prisoners, as their commitment towards respecting human rights and dignity.Various ways exist through which the California State Government can reduce the number of people going to prisons for drug related charges. One of this ways is to direct lower-level offenders to alternative sentencing programs such as community work where an individual would be required to se rve his/her sentence by providing free services to the community they live in (Lyman, 2013). this would benefit the government as it would reduce the costs spent on providing community services such as environmental cleaning. Working in ones own community would also serve a good example to warn others especially the minors from engaging in drugs to avoid being publicly exposed as drug abusers while serving their prison terms providing free services to the community. The second way would be to establish drug reform programs to treat drug abusers especially among the youth instead of sending them to prison, which has proven not to help reducing the drug nuisance in the country. It is estimated that having a drug treatment program would cost the government $120 million per year to accommodate and treat 24,000 drug offenders (Schrag, 2001). This is beneficial, as it would cut down prisons operating costs by approximately $265 million and further provide a better solution not only to th e offenders, but also to their families and community at large. Establishing school based drug education programs can also be an appropriate approach to address the use of drugs among the minors and consequently reducing the number of young person going to prison. This strategy is simple as it only involves ...

Why Students Should Test Ideas Via Active Experimentation

As a firm believer in progressivism, I believe that education should be focused on the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. I believe students should test ideas via active experimentation. Students should question and explore, not simply receive facts and information from their teacher. â€Å"Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise through experiencing the world† (oregonstate.edu). I grew up in a worksheet type of classroom, and as a visual learner that suited me just fine. I would play teacher and every imaginary student started their day with a worksheet bell ringer, because that’s all I knew. Next, we would listen to the teacher lecture or read from the textbook. I learned just fine, so I imagined my†¦show more content†¦He also did not receive free or reduced lunch because his parents never submitted the paperwork, and he had no money for lunch. Luckily his teacher had packed for themselves, one giving him her sandwich, one giving him her grapes and he could take chips from the office. It broke my heart knowing these students experience such awful things so young in life. It was then that I learned the importance of catering to the whole child. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs states that primarily a person needs to be physiologically taken care of, and this boy was a prime example. He must be fed before we can switch his brain to focus on academics. He needs to know his teachers care about him, his peers accept him and his presence is important before he can bring his attention solely on learning. In my own classroom, I hope to adhere to this philosophy by creating ongoing projects that allow students to choose how they will demonstrate their learning. This project stimulates the workshop environment and meets many standards. I would also be sure to integrate technology, as it’s important for educators to stay current with educational advancements and technology is such a big part of you ng students lives. Along with ongoing projects, I would reduce homework as best I could. I believe homework is a teacher centered idea, along with grades and test scores, because each are at the control of the teacher, and not the student’sShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles Essay4126 Words   |  17 Pagesaffect learning for a student. Incorporated in this I will discuss theories of ‘learning styles’, comparing and contrasting them and try to identify aspects which can impact upon my practice. I will analyse my own teaching style and that of others to see how the theories can be applied and also assess my own success in meeting the needs of the students. 1.1 Why? The information provided in this assignment will allow me a better understanding of the variety of ways a student can learn. This willRead MoreThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus Episdermidis7962 Words   |  32 PagesBIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.35 APPENDIX A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 APPENDIX B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦41 APPENDIX C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.44 APPENDIX D†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....45 CURRICULUM VITAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦46 vi TABLES Table1. The Active Constituents of Papaya (Carica) Leaves |Active Constituents |Descriptions/Uses | |Alkaloids |Alkaloids act on a diversity of metabolic systems in humans and otherRead MoreThe Effect Of Practical Work On Students Performance9732 Words   |  39 Pages EFFECT OF PRACTICAL WORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN MURANG’A EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. MUCHAI AUGUSTINE NG’ETHE REG. No. E83/20087/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in anyRead MoreAssignment 1 PPD( Personal professional development5741 Words   |  23 Pagesto self-managed learning Describe Kolb’s experimental learning cycles and main approaches to learning. Clarify advantages and disadvantages of each approach Task 1 2 Propose ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts should be encouraged Using Honey and Mumford’s theory framework Describe the meaning of continuing professional development. Task 2 3 Evaluate the benefits of self-managed learning to the individual and organization Give out some benefits of self-managedRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagestheory help students learn better? 8. How can I find out more about M.I. theory? PART II – Demonstration 1. Seeing MI in action 2. What do M.I. lesson plans look like? 3. Poll PART III – Exploration 1. How will we explore multiple intelligences theory in the classroom? 2. How do I apply multiple intelligences (M.I.) theory in my classroom? 3. What are some simple ways to get started? 4. What are some of the challenges I may face? 5. How do I assess students progressRead MoreSkeletal Muscle Physiology5316 Words   |  22 Pagesmuscle. 5. To graphically understand the relationships between passive, active, and total forces. 6. To identify the conditions under which muscle contraction is isometric or isotonic. 7. To describe in terms of length and force the transitions between isometric and isotonic conditions during a single muscle twitch. 8. To describe the effects of resistance and starting length on the initial velocity of shortening. 9. To explain why muscle force remains constant during isotonic shortening. 10. To explainRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 Pagesconsumer products,  web sites  or web applications,  computer interfaces, documents, and devices are evaluated by testing it on users (Nielsen, 1994). In this protocol, investigators cue participants to speak their thoughts aloud in order to study an active thought process without forcing an in dividual to comment on the process itself (Hayes, 1986). The Social Sciences: Introspection is also used in a range of social sciences like psychology and political science. It is used in process tracing isRead MoreComputer Network : A Means Of Extending Interoperability And Promoting Self Productivity Through Sharing Of Computer Resources Essay9852 Words   |  40 Pagesbridges, this is commonly addressed as WAN – Wide Area Network. However, in interconnecting with our colleagues and equipment around us, we use the various form of LAN – Local Area Network, SOHO – Small Office Home Office falls to this category albeit via wireless transmission with the use of Access Points or wired technology using the Ethernet standards. Consequently, so many applications of computer networks have emerged from its many forms. Some of these includes the internet which is the biggestRead MorePerfume Out of Rose Petals5375 Words   |  22 Pages I. Statement of the Problem The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility to produce perfume from a flower. It sought to answer the following questions: 1. How long will the perfume last? 2. How many flowers should be used in making perfume? 3. How many people will agree/ disagree to the essence of the researchers perfume? II. Hypothesis The perfume might be fun by the buyers. They had the comparison between the different amount ofRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 PagesInformation Grand Canyon University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher  custom textbook usage The following icons have been created to assist students’ interactive experience in usage of this textbook. These will appear across the top or bottom of every page. Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underlined text Glossary term definition/directive

An Analysis of the Samuel Huntingtons and Benjamin Barbers Theories of Hybrid and Hermetically Sealed Cultures Free Essay Example, 2250 words

This fact is over-generalized in Huntington s view and supports a deliberately biased superiority of western civilization over the rest of the world before 1991. The first basis of Huntington s theory on Muslim culture as to the historicity of violence that was founded in its early beginnings does not hold ground considering that Judaism and Christianity also propounded the use of the sword to fight with one another and also against other religions. Surely, the comment made by George Bush about a Crusade against Muslim terrorism reveals the age-old Christian tradition of using military force in the name of Christ? (Ford para. 2). Although Huntington likes to compare Christ s seeming passivity to his enemies in the Christian faith, the United States (as a Christian nation) has certainly gone against the dictates of Christ s message by attacking Iraq without any evidence of WMDS. Similarly, the hollowness of the hybrid foundation for western cultures like America is demonstrated in the way they imposed their will on other nations in the War in Iraq. Another problem with Huntington s theory is that it does not function very well within the context of the Arabic cultures that have been affected by the imperialistic policy in the War in Iraq. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Samuel Huntingtons and Benjamin Barbers Theories of Hybrid and Hermetically Sealed Cultures or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The new government of Iraq, since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, was developed through American intervention. The tyrannical rule or dictatorship of the Saddam Hussein regime offers a stark contrast to the representative government the United States is helping to build in this underdeveloped country. The democracy being imposed on the Iraqi government is based on the proponents of the Bush Administration that views Iraq as a country of warlords, minority rule (the Sunni rule in Hussein), and other facets of a past dictatorship that are now gone after the invasion (Friedman 130-131). Certainly, this counter argument reflects the general consensus that Iraq is not able to build its own form of government after the long tradition of dictatorial government that preceded 2003.

Animal Testing is Unnecessary and Cruel Essay example

Carrots the rabbit has been under experimentations for almost all of his life. He has to suffer so someone can wash his or her hair. The makers of Dove shampoo are probably going to shove shampoo down his throat his reaction to it. Even if the rabbit lives through the experiment, there still going to kill him to see what happened to his organs. If this were a human being experimented on, people would be mesmerized. Scientist are debating whether shoving shampoo down a rabbits throat is effective. Testing on animals is a highly disagreeable process that should not be allowed. An animal is a living thing and so is a human. They eat, sleep, and live their life. Animals have rights. Why is it allowed that animals have to suffer so a human†¦show more content†¦Another point why animal testing is wrong is because of the brutal things that happen to the animals. For example, the Draize Test is used on white albino rabbits. They use white albino rabbits because of their sensitive eyes. In this process scientist, rub shampoo, soap, toothpaste or lawn products into their beautiful red eyes. Then they record the damage, they have observed. The test lasts up to 18 days, with the poor animals eyelids held open with a clip. Many of the rabbits end up with broken necks trying to escape from terrifying pain. First, it is unreasonable to keep the product in their eye that long. Not even a child would keep a product in their eye that long. The whole experiment was unnecessary to do. The eye tissue of a rabbit is very different from a human eye tissue. The pain th ey go through had no benefits. A final reason why animal testing is pointless is that there is no law saying that it is necessary to test any product on animals. Why make an animal suffer when there is no need? There are alternatives for animal testing that would have better results for humans, and it would not be involved in any animal unkindness. Why do companies not realize that they do not have to experiment on innocent animals? No animal should have to suffer for an unreasonable cause. Carrots the rabbit live today if it was not for the companies that still believe that it is okay to test animals with products. If there were alternatives to animal testing, why would itShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreMedical Testing on Animals is Considered Animal Cruelty Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Over 25 million animals are tested in labs every year. They are used for medical and scientific research. The animals used in research often undergo cruel experimentations and suffer through the pain. During medical testing, less than 2% of human illnesses are seen in animals, therefor medical testing on animals is cruel and pointless. Medical testing on animals should be illegal because products that pass animal tests end up harmingRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment And Should Discontinue1308 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Testing Animal testing has been going on for years; however, few question the ethics of testing medicines that would cure human diseases on animals. Various animals being tested in labs and cruelly force them to be a host of harmful diseases negatively affect their health. Animal testing is cruel and unusual punishment and should discontinue. Animal experimentation is a subject that many know of but don’t know much about. Although it is a big topic, people still don’t pay much attentionRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay537 Words   |  3 Pagesmillions of animals are used to test how safe and effective products, such as cosmetics, are. They are genetically modified, force-fed harmful chemicals, blinded, scalded, and maimed. How could one not object to this awful cruelty? Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, unnecessary, inaccurate, and expensive. The very first reason why animal testing should be banned is elementary: it is cruel and unnecessary. Approximately 17-22 million animals are used for testing each year inRead MoreAnimal Experimentation, Ethics, And Ethics1703 Words   |  7 Pages Animal experimentation and Ethics -Tseten dolkar The practice of experimentation on live animals as known as vivisection is prevalent since the old roman days. In the name of Science, Animals are being mistreated, exploited and murdered worldwide. Animal are usedRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong1495 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful Testing on Animals is Wrong In American society, many groups and organizations are debating whether or not animal testing should be banned. Some people believe that there are reasons why animal testing should be done. Others believe that animal testing is morally wrong. Some experts believe that there are other options available. I believe that animal testing is wrong based on three observations: animal testing is unethical, pointless, and abusive. Numerous years ago, animal testing was startedRead MoreThe Use Of Research On Cosmetics And Its Effects On Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesBlinded by Beauty On average, 26 million animals are used every year for the use of research on cosmetics. These tests should be banned for many obvious reasons such as it is clearly cruel and inhumane, they cost more than alternative methods, and they do not predict an accurate result due to the anatomical differences. Animals are being unfairly tortured and killed for research on ingredients that people are unknowingly using in their everyday lives. Here’s an important question to consider;Read MoreThe Effects Of Animal Cruelty1691 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal cruelty has become a problem, it is causing harm to the animals lives. Animal Cruelty is the suffering of an animal, whether it is caused on purpose or not. There are other things that are cruel to animals, such as the testing of animals. These animals have no protection by law, which means they can be used for any testing. This is unacceptable, unfair, and cruel that these animals have to be used in testing. Animals are just as im portant as humans. Their are those who believe that it is okayRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Animal Welfare Movement Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagespractice of testing and then murdering innocent animals for medical research and cosmetics is immoral. Public policy establishing the animal welfare movement began in Great Britain with the passage stating an act in 1835 to consolidate and amend the several laws relating to the cruelty and improper treatment of animals. In 1911 the Parliament passed the â€Å"Protection of Animals Act, and it is still enforced currently. This policy was established while permitting humans to use animals as test subjectsRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about pros

The Civil War And After The War Of 1812 - 1607 Words

The Antebellum Period in American History is for the most part thought to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some extend it to every one of the years from the reception of the Constitution in 1789 to the start of the Civil War. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the country between abolitionists and supporters of slavery. The nation s economy started growing in the North due to the Industrial Revolution, the South s cotton blast made slave plantations the focal point of the economy. The addition of new region and western development saw the fortification of American independence and of Manifest Destiny, the thought that Americans and the foundations of the U.S. are ethically better and Americans are ethically committed than spread these foundations. From 1800-1860, the separation of the North and South lead to many opposing viewpoints on national issues. By 1860, compromise was considered impossible due to disagreements over handling slavery, sectionalism in the West, and states rights. While the North saw slavery an issue that needed to be resolved, the South saw slavery as an essential to their economy. In 1834, the American Anti-Slavery Convention held their first annual report, stating that those who own slaves are man stealers, and that any laws endorsing slavery go against the word of god, and are invalid. The convention s viewpoint on handling slavery was the immediate andShow MoreRelatedThe Causes And Outcomes Of The French And Indian War1485 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Outcomes of the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812. The wars prior to the Civil War may have taken place at different times throughout our history, they all feed into to one another like a river feeds a lake and a lake feeds into a river. It may have not seemed like it in the beginning but each one had a lasting effect and direct connection to the events of the future wars. All the wars prior to the Civil War had a direct purpose to building one of theRead MoreThe War Of The Revolutionary War1038 Words   |  5 Pagesat Yorktown, the revolutionary war was over, and the United States began the arduous task of rebuilding an economy held back by colonialism and destroyed by war. From the 1780s up until the 1810s, the economy was slowly growing and diversifying, the War of 1812 halted much of those advanced. The war ruined the United States economy once again, but it allowed it to grow and develop to new heights and become stronger than before the war. After the revolutionary war, the United States began the arduousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo Act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreIntroduction Of The American Industrial Revolution1467 Words   |  6 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo Act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreThe Fireside Poets Were Popular At A Time When The United States1382 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States was a new nation, suffering pressure from outside governments as well as growing pains of its own. Historical events such as the War of 1812 threatened to overwhelm the young democracy. At the same time, there was the beginning of the push for westward expansion, and the beginnings of the schism over slavery which would culminate in the Civil War. The fireside poets represented a movement to involve the reader in events of the current day through literature. Most of them had causesRead MoreWinfield Scott Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Winfield Scott was a true American hero. Serving in 3 wars and numerous other battles and conflicts, he left a legacy that was talked about for over 5 decades. He served in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Civil War. He began his military career and advanced quickly in the ranks. He was a formidable leader and very studious in military tactics. A big man, he stood at 61/2 feet tall, and demanded respect both when in uniform and without. He was referred to as Old Fuss andRead MoreThe War Of New Orleans Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesbody_americanperspective_warof1812_2.jpg The War of 1812 is probably our most obscure conflict. Although a great deal has been written about the war, the average American is only vaguely aware of why we fought or who the enemy was. Even those who know something about the contest are likely to remember only a few dramatic moments, such as the writing of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the burning of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. Why is this war so obscure? One reason is that noRead MoreLeading The War of 1812: Sir Isaac Brock and Tecumseh Essay example1621 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom-loving American people or it’s president, James Madison. These three men all had powerful leadership roles and largely affected the War of 1812 and changed the future of North America. Tecumseh, the Shawnee war chief, James Madison, the United States President, and Sir Isaac Brock, the British commander of Canada, all had dreams for the future, and the War of 1812 would determine which of these would come true. Tecumseh wanted to preserve the land for his people and get the white men out of theRead MoreThe War Of New Orleans1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe War of 1812 is probably our most obscure conflict. Although a great deal has been written about the war, the average American is only vaguely aware of why we fought or who the enemy was. Even those who know something about the contest are likely to remember only a f ew dramatic moments, such as the writing of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the burning of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. Why is this war so obscure? One reason is that no great president is associated

Marks and Spencer Overview Free Essays

An overview of Marks amp; Spencer plc Marks amp; Spencer (Mamp;S) is a leading British retailer, with over 895 stores in over 41 countries around the world. As of 2009, 600 stores currently located throughout the United Kingdom along with 295 stores planted internationally (Mamp;S 2009). According to Deloitte (2009) Mamp;S is the largest clothing retailer in the United Kingdom, as well as being an exclusive food retailer and as of 2009, the 43rd largest retailer in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks and Spencer Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now The large majority of its domestic stores sell both clothing and food, and since the turn of the century it has started expanding into other ranges such as homewares, furniture and technology. Figure 1 illustrates Mamp;S’s overall sales in millions from the years 2005 – 2009. The graph trend shows a gradual increase in turnover every year. By the end of 2009 Mamp;S revenue reaches 9,062. 1 million compared to 2005 revenue of 7,490. 5 million. A difference of ? 1571. 6 Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. Figure 1: Mamp;S Sales (2005-2009) Figure 2 represents the operating profit of Mamp;S. There is a steady rise in the growth of sales from 2005 to 2008. However in the year 2009 there is a decline in the growth of sales. This is fairly due to the economic recession resulting in less economical activity. Mamp;S prices would have risen resulting in a decline in demand for their products and services. Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. Figure 2: Mamp;S Sales growth (2005-2009) Figure 3 displays the two primary categories of business for Mamp;S. Food as a whole and all other products falling under house hold products. Both areas of business are equally important as they hold a near perfect hare of the business. Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. 51% 49% Figure 3: Mamp;S main business areas Business strengths and weaknesses: Mamp;S has grown over the 21st and it is arguable that the company has moved from strength to strength. Mamp;S are strong in many dynamics ranging from a politically, economically and highly strategic company. One major strength of Mamp;S is its emerging image of an active environmentally friendly company. On 15 January 2007, Mamp;S launched an initiative, known as ‘Plan A’ (Mamp;S, 2009) to dramatically increase the environmental sustainability of the business within 5 years. In 2006 the Look Behind the Label marketing campaign was introduced. The aim of this campaign was to highlight to customers, the various ethical and environmentally friendly aspects, of the production and sourcing methods engaged in by Mamp;S including Fairtrade products and sustainable fishing. As indicated by A. Fletcher (2006) all coffee and tea sold in Mamp;S stores is now Fairtrade. According to the BBC (2006) the company offers clothing lines made from Fairtrade Cotton in selected departments. This aspect of Mamp;S emphasises the equality and fairness to the public and helps promote its products to certain groups in the market who would not previously purchase their products for this specified reason. Although Mamp;S is a highly recognised and established company it has fallen under heavy criticism in the past. War on Want (2007) criticised Mamp;S, in its Growing Pains report for using its influence to force overseas suppliers to continuously diminish their costs while boosting their own profits. Political issues have also arisen, the company has been criticised for its support for the State of Israel during wars and conflict. According to J. Smith (2004) activists have campaigned against the company and some stores have had their signage altered and their goods re-labelled. As a result boycotts have taken place with little effect on Mamp;S sales and profits yet this has led to a disruption in social cohesion of society demonstrate through protests. Development of new products and services: Most (Mamp;S, 2009) stores originally sold both clothing and food, and since the turn of the century it has started expanding into other ranges such as homewares, furniture and technology, beauty and energy. The Indigo collection (Mamp;S, 2009) is a new range of clothing aimed at the core, 35-45, feminine businesswoman type. The shoes, trousers and jeans will be UK-sourced and the T-shirts will involve Fair trade cotton from Senegal, India and Pakistan. Beachwear may be added to the list if the success continues. Per Una, also a relatively new product for younger female’s clothing sold at M;amp;S stores. The product was launched on September 28, 2001 as a joint venture between M;amp;S and Next. All per Una items include the three hearts logo. The BBC (2005) states Per Una has been a major success for the company. In 2006 (M;amp;S, 2009) launched a range of domestic technology products. Thirty-six stores now offer this range. Additional services offered include television installation and technical help. Competitors: M;amp;S does not have any one store that is a complete competitor in terms of products and services. Supermarkets such as Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys compete with M;amp;S to a certain extent, primarily in the food industry. Marks ;amp; Spencer is predominantly a clothing store which obtains most of the company’s profit. Yet due to the significant product differentiation, M;amp;S competes with many companies for example Cotton Traders are a competitor in their clothes, John Lewis competes in their home accessories whereas Waitrose competes in food. As a result M;amp;S have to constantly innovate and outsource to stay competitive in the market and dominate. Marketing Strategies: By training and developing its staff well, M;amp;S is in a position to develop a competitive advantage over its competitors Firstly, developing value-for-money products that customers want. Training and development brings new skills which help to add value to its products and services, for example by cutting costs. This enables the company to keep prices lower to benefit the customer and increase consumer demand leading to profit in the long run. M;amp;S provides good customer service through communication skills, this can have a positive impact on customer service. Training and development equips individuals with the skills they need to achieve their targeted role in the business. When Steve Sharp joined as marketing director in 2004, he introduced a new promotional brand under the Your M;amp;S banner, with a corresponding logo. This has now become the company’s main brand in its advertisements. The use of high profile television campaigns has been influential in the company’s recent success, particularly with the achievements of a new clothing campaign featuring high profile models, and the new TV ad campaign for its food range. These adverts have the tagline ‘This is not just food, this is M;amp;S food’. Furthermore the use of camera special effects and footage along with music and a pleasant voiceover leads to a very persuasive advertisement. A new store format designed by Urban Salon Architects has won much praise and is in the process of being rolled out across all stores, with a majority of stores being completed by the end of 2008. The full new look makeover is a reworking of store design, including the gutting of old stores. An increase in display and product walls, window display styles, larger fitting rooms, glass walls, till points, and general total updating of decals, equipment, and lighting. How to cite Marks and Spencer Overview, Papers

Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union? Answer: Introduction: The subject matter of the case is based on the facts regarding the provisions of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and certain initiatives have been taken to identify the relevant provision of the facts. It is to be pointed out that what are the reasons behind the change of focus of the EU commission from protection of competition to the safeguarding consumer welfare. It is to be understood the meaning of the competition and the relation of the same with the consumer welfare. In general, it has been observed that the competition is a process through which the companies use to offer certain goods and services to the consumers. Competition helps to reduce the cost of the goods and facilitate the services regarding the same. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case. The subject o f the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Objectives regarding both the Articles are to restrict all the steps that are taken to close the chance of competition in the consumer related matters [1]. The European Union commission has the right to deal with the provisions of the treaty. There are certain reasons that taking place in recent times regarding the transferring of focus from the protection of competition to the safeguards consumer welfare. It has been decided by the commission that the most important thing is to protect the interest of the consumers. The Treaty of Functioning of European Union was for the first time generated in the year 1957 in Rome and the then name of the treaty was European Economic Community[2]. Later on 2007, the treaty was known as Treaty of Functioning of European Union. The treaty is divided into seven parts. The base and the value of the treaty are discussed in the first part. It consists of 17 Articles. The second part of the treaty delivers its views regarding the non-discrimination and certain steps have been taken for the interest of the nation as well as the European Union. Policies and the internal actions of the European Union are being discussed in the third part of the treaty. The consumer related matter has been discussed in the third part of the Treaty[3]. Article 101 of TFEU Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality [4]. It has been stated by the European Union that competitive mentality is important to retain the growth in market and it is held that the market operators are contracting agreements by two ways. When the agreements are being made in between the actual and potential competitors, that is known as the horizontal agreement and when in the agreement process, different types of firms are engaged, it becomes known as vertical agreement. The provision of Article 101 creates effect in the internal market area. Certain provisions are being mentioned under this Article to restrict all the attempts made for the prohibition of competition. It has been mentioned under the Article that the undertakings and the decisions that are directly or indirectly inflicting the theories of competition has to be prohibited [5]. This is the provision regarding the internal marketing policy of European Union. The member states are restricted to take any kind of steps that will be an obstacle regarding the competition in the market. There should not be any dissimilarity regarding the transactions with the other trading parties and it should be bored in mind that certain supplementary obligations are to be imposed on the cartels. It has also been stated under the Article that if there is any decisions choose against the objective of the treaty shall be made void automatically. The objective of the Article is to provide relief to them who are affecting by the anti-competitive behavior. The European Union has taken such steps to avoid the complexion in the market policies. It is stated by the European Union that it is important to maintain a clarity regarding the internal marketing policies and retain economic efficiency in the markets. Article 102 of TFEU The main aim of the Article is to prevent those who have a dominant mentality and want to abuse the process of market. It has been alleged that the private sectors are trying to reduce the competitive mentality and avoid the monopolistic character of the market. This dominant mentality has been found in the sectors of the firm base. It has been stated by the Article that from the report of the market analyst that the dominancy regarding the marketing policies are high in number. Certain processes are taking for the reduction of the topics for the betterment of the society. The word market is playing an important role in the field of the European Union[6]. The markets are divided into two parts such as product market and geographical market. In the present case, it has been stated that the consumers are the most important part of the competition market. It has been mentioned under the Article 102 that there is a need to establish the competition in the private sector. If there is no competitive mentality in the private firm, then the price of the goods will become unfair immature, the production process of the goods will become limited in nature. Therefore, the applicability of these two Articles becomes necessary to maintain systematic approach in the marketing section. Court of justice Court of Justice governs the law related problems for the continents of the European Unions. It is the highest court for the provinces of the European Union. The main objective of the court is to implement and interpret the law and apply the same for achieving the ultimate purpose [7]. In the year 1952, Court of Justice was established in Luxembourg. All the EU-based disputes are to be resolved by the Court of Justice. The court is to be composed with the Judge, President, Vice-president, Advocates general, the Registrar, and Chambers. All the competition related matters are dealing by the parliamentary committees and it is to be stated that the committees are divided into two parts. The economic and the monetary policies are deals by the European parliament ECON committee and IMCO committee is dealing with the internal market and consumer protection. The Court of Justice ensures the interpretation and application of the competition law and prescribes certain steps to regulate the re levant laws across the EU. the steps of the Court of Justice has created significant effect on the European and deliver all the steps regarding the effectiveness of the competition law. Protection of competition Meaning Competition provokes many companies that are engaged with the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the rapid growth regarding the marketing policies. The concept of competition is one of the much debated topics regarding the controlling market policies and implementation of the same[8]. Therefore, there is a necessity to protect the provisions of the competition to secure the interest of the society and the consumer as well and the priority of the market is also to be enlightened through this. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules regarding competition and its effects on the markets. There are certain provisions regarding the prohibition of the anti- competitive agreements. The concept of the competition policies is to be unprotected due to many reasons such as the dominancy of the private firms and the restrictive provisions taken by the internal market cartels. The European Union has taken an attempt, by implementing several treaties to protect the competition policies. Objective The main objectives of the competition policies are to restrict the cartels, which are tried to prohibit the competition policies. It is to be stated that if there is no protective policies taken for the security of the competition policies, the price of the goods will be at hike. A linear mentality has been observed in the private sectors and a dominant mentality has been grown up within the society. The benefits of the competition are wide in nature and therefore, there is a necessity to implement the policies in the every stages of the society. An effort has been made to implement the policies regarding the transport, energy and telecommunication department and the objective of the same is to control the unfair advantage. The aim of the competition policies is to promote the general economic welfare to secure the interest of the consumers. Development Among the most success stories of the European Union, competition policy are most significant in nature[9]. All the member states of the European Union have a lean over the delegation of the competition policies. The development regarding the competition policies has been started after certain treaties had been passed to secure the market policies. Certain law has been passed to protect the interest of the internal market policies and it has been stated by the Court of Justice that the principles of the competition policies are important to follow up. Certain reformatory steps had been taken in the area of merger control and antitrust. The impact of the competition rules are developed with two dimensions[10]. The first part consists of certain set of rules for the betterment of the competition policies. The second dimension has certain external effect and the outcome of the same creating impact on the European business and consumers. The developments regarding the competition policie s are positive in nature and therefore, the European Union has become the leading jurisdiction regarding the anti-trust matters. Challenges: It is true that the competition policies have made a huge success since many years and the aftermath effect of the same leads the European Union in its highest peak in the internal markets. However, over some times, the policy has to face certain challenges regarding the consumer affairs and the political environment has become conservative in nature. Certain provisions that are engraved in the Article 102 of the treaty have been contained excessive pricing catalogue. It is important to regulate the price policies as the interest of the consumers are very much affected by the price policies. In the recent situation, regulatory interventions are taking the place of the competition policies. The reason behind the same can be the potentiality of the regulatory intervention than the competition policies. EU commission The European Union Commission is an institution of the European Union. It is solely responsible for upholding the EU treaties and managing the everyday business of the Union [11]. It operates from its headquarters located at Brussels, Belgium and also from Luxemburg. The researcher has highlighted on the role of the mentioned administrative body in protecting the rights of the individuals [12]. Consumer protection has been regarded as one of the top agendas of the commission since the last decade. Earlier the commission was much dedicated in creati9ng a global as well as a local market for the different goods and services of the member states. However, the paradigm shift of the new and challenging market conditions have forced the Commission to shift its focus into protecting the consumer rights of the individuals. The charter of fundamental rights and the European treaties such as the single European Act guarantee a high level of protection for the customers in the European Union. T he legislation constructed by the European Commission guarantees consumers; Fair treatment The products that meets the standard guidelines of the European Commission There is a clause in the legislation which ensures the right to redress if something or the other goes wrong The European Commission takes certain steps to secure the rights of the consumers. There are number of policies that determine the safety of the food, safety of the products and the protection of the information. All the consumer related products and the other products that are imported and exported in and from the EU premises must abide by the specific rules as because failure to follow the specific rules that will attract penalties and seizures. Safeguarding consumer welfare Meaning The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a clear and transparent consumer protection policy to protect the interests of the customers. The consumers and marketing legislation of the country have concentrated on protecting the economic interests of the consumers. The following can be defined as the set of laws that helps to curb the unfair consumer and commercial practices that are practiced by different organizations in and outside Europe. This may be in the form of misleading advertisements, problems in consumer contract laws [13]. The commission looks after these false and misleading advertisements and ensures that the consumers are not flown away by such wrong advertisements. The European Union Consumer Laws consists of some key legislative initiatives namely; The directive that are involved in assessing the unfair terms of the contract- The legislation prepared by the European Commission has a special directive that comes to the rescue of the customers who may be victims of unfair terms in the consumer contracts of the organization. The directive related to consumer rights- The protection of the consumer rights is one of the main objectives that is outlined in the legislation. The directive ensures the protection of the consumer in both demographic respect and also contracts negotiated away from the business premises as well as in respect of other aspects of consumer contracts. The directives are also applicable on doorstep selling and other forms of selling like online selling and phone selling. The directive related to sales and guarantees- The following directive covers certain aspects that relates to the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees. Objective As mentioned earlier the formulation of different articles and laws by the European Commission since the last decade has had the sole aim and objective to protect the interest of the customers inside the European Union[14]. Articles 101 and 102 of the European Commission legislation forms the legal basis for establishment of different measures that are aimed at the creation and the control of the internal market within the European Union. The act ensures a detailed security arrangement including the already mentio0ned consumer protection and updating the law with new developments that are based on scientific facts. The main objectives of the Articles are; Directly or indirectly fix the purchase or the selling prices or any other trading conditions. Sharing the sources of supply or the markets Applying the same conditions to equal transactions with the other trading parties Making the conclusion of contracts subject to the acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which are based on commercial usage and have no connection with the subject of the mentioned contracts[15]. Some of the Sectoral measures of the European Union Commission are; Consumer Groups Consumer Education Consumer Information Enforcement of the consumer rights Importance Some of the key factors that makes the European legislation one of the most important are; Protects the interests of the consumers Helps the consumers to select the right product Helps to increase the quality of goods and services in the European zone It ensures transparency which curbs any sort of menace while serving the consumers It provides the customers with efficient and healthy products It ensures the growth of the market The Legislation is designed in an appropriate way and to regulate and control the market Upgrading the policies and maintain the standard guidelines is one of the key tasks of the legislation process Conclusion Therefore, from the above named discussion, it is to be understood that the Treaty regarding the foundation of the European Union has delivered certain procurement regarding the implementation of the policies on competition matter[16]. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case[17]. The subject of the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts them the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality. Competition provokes the various companies that are involved in the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the potential growth regarding the marketing policies. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules of comp etition and its effects on the markets. The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a transparent consumer protection policy to secure the interests of the customers. It has been observed later that the European Union has shifted its mentality from the protection of competition law to safeguards of the consumers. One of the main reasons behind the same is that there are certain loopholes have been cropped up regarding the competition policies. It is a fact that the competition policies had provided many opportunities to the European Union and therefore, it is important to implement necessary steps to lubricate the way of the competition policies and intervention of the Court of Justice is important in this regard. References Baker, Jonathan B., and Steven C. Salop. "Antitrust, competition policy, and inequality."Geo. LJ Online104 (2015): 1. Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. Buonanno, Laurie, and Neill Nugent.Policies and policy processes of the European Union. Palgrave macmillan, 2013. Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. Kaczorowska-Ireland, Alina.Competition Law in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy. Routledge, 2014. McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [1] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [2] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [3] Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. [4] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [5] McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. [6] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [7] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [8] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [9] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [10] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [11] Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [12] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [13] Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013 [14] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [15] McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. [16] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [17] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.

Maruti 800 Marketing Project free essay sample

PROJECT REPORT ON MARUTI 800 Submitted to:Submitted By: Prof. P. BharadwajHitesh Babbar 2010079 Jhanvi Thakkar 2010086 Kanupriya Kohli 2010090 Nirmal Modh 2010099 Kiran Karkera 2010093 Topic for the study: Maruti 800 Model car of the MUL company. Justification and Relevance: * Maruti 800 was a revolution of sorts in the 4-wheeler area in India. * It was the first small car to be launched in India. * It basically put India on wheels. * The strategies used by MUL from time to time to maintain/increase the sales of Maruti 800 were exemplary. It was the leader in market sales for nearly 20 years. All these points make for a good case-study. INTRODUCTION: Company (MUL) Introduction: MUL was a joint venture created in February 1981 between Japan’s Suzuki Motor Company and the Indian Government when the latter decided to produce small, economical cars for the masses. The intention from the beginning was to produce a ‘people’s car’. To get the project off the groun d MUL took over the assets of the erstwhile Maruti Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Maruti 800 Marketing Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , which was set up in 1971 and closed in 1978. It was the fag-end of 1983, in the cold winter of North India, when one Harpal Singh of New Delhi was handed the keys to  a small, never-seen-before-in-India, hatchback by the then Prime Minister, the late Indira Gandhi. What in any other circumstances would have been just an ordinary car launch turned out to be the start of the automobile revolution in India. Product (Maruti 800) Background: On December 14, 1983, MUL launched the first Maruti vehicle – the Maruti 800. The first model was the SS80, a 796cc hatchback car priced at Rs. 47,500. Subsequently, in spite of price hikes, the car remained within the reach of the Indian middle class and became a runaway success. Available in vibrant colours when India’s passenger car population comprised mainly Ambassadors and Fiats in black and white, M800 gave Indians the first taste of global quality and reliability. In the 1980s, the Maruti 800 (M800) was India’s first ‘people’s car’. It caught the fancy of the middle class. Maruti Suzuki has never looked back since. In fact, in 2004, MUL will mark its 21st year of leadership in the Indian car market. The M800, first manufactured in 1983, has sold over 2. 1 million units. Even though competition predicts that the ‘A’ segment is dying, the M800 continues to sell an average 12,000 units per month. The Maruti 800 may be based on 1980s technology, but it remains very popular as an entry-level model in India. Its obituary has been written before, but the 800 has defied predictions of its demise. But changes to the regulatory environment in India could finally mean the end of the road for the 800. The past: Limited choices better left alone Indias protected market meant that until the early eighties Indians had essentially three model choices in terms of automobiles: the Morris Oxford derived Hindustan Ambassador, the Fiat 1100 derived Premier Padmini and the Standard Herald derived Gazel. With all three products obsolete, quality construction more of an afterthought and attributes like power, safety and comfort being last on a manufacturers to-do-list, the Indian automobile industry was going through what might be termed its anthracite period in history. The company Maruti Udyog was conceived by the Indian government in 1981 as a means of providing affordable personal transportation to Indians. Named after Hanuman, the name of the God of Wind in Hindu mythology, Maruti was the brainchild of the late Sanjay Gandhi, son of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. After toying with the idea of a joint venture with Volkswagen, Renault, Daihatsu and some other majors, Suzuki was short-listed because of the Japanese majors expertise in small cars. The Maruti 800 based on the European Alto IV (SS80 in export markets) was launched in December 1983 in a four-door, two-box saloon (the tailgate opened only from the externally hinged rear window that was the access to the boot area) with a total length of 329. 5cm. The car was powered by a 796cc, three-cylinder, SOHC, 6-valve, carburetted engine and had  front-wheel drive. Power was 39 bhp, which though not much, still made for a respectable power-to-weight ratio because the car weighed slightly above 600kgs. The launch price was INR 47,500 making it the cheapest car at that time in India. The rivals tried to play it down on the power front, citing three cylinders to be insufficient for taking on a five-passenger load. However, the Maruti 800 proved everyone wrong by a long margin. It was a time of licenses in India and manufacturers needed to get a license from the government on what to make and what numbers to make. This used to create a huge gap between demand and supply resulting in long waiting lists. Often waiting lists for cars would take up to three years to clear. A Maruti 800 booked in 1984-85 would be cleared only by 1987-88. The 800 soon notched up a huge waiting list as sales boomed. The Maruti 800, in 1983, marked the introduction of the modern automobile into the Indian passenger car market. People were awed by Japanese reliability, ease of operation, refinement and fuel efficiency attributes that the small Indian passenger car industry, in 1983, was unable to provide. Maruti- Suzuki’s strength at the time of its entry in the Indian auto sector was its technological know-how and ability to produce quality products. They had expertise in engine building courtesy Suzuki . They knew what the Indian car buying populace desired and they delivered it in spades. Weakness at the time could only have been its relative inexperience with the Indian audience. Maruti were entering muddy waters and they read the minds of the consumer so well that the company became India’s largest car manufacturing company with the largest number of models and iterations on the road and today with a commanding market share of close to 50%. Opportunity that was quickly realized by Maruti was the existing demand for enhanced mobility among the Indian car buying audience. They wanted and deserved better products which Maruti had and was ready to sell to them. The growing purchasing power and disposable income of the Indian middle class was at an all time high which was perfectly tapped by Maruti with the all conquering 800. Threat at the time could only have come by way of sanctions that the Indian government could have applied on Maruti or from a similar new entrant that could have also entered the Indian market like Suzuki. There was no major threat to its operations either from its existing competitors or perspective new players. So all in all, things were favorable for Maruti on virtually all fronts. PEST ANALYSIS for Maruti Suzuki to enter India Political Factor: The political environment favored Maruti to enter the Indian market with tie up with Suzuki at the time in 1983. The government was lifting sanctions and making it easier for foreign players to enter the market. In 1983, the government permitted Suzuki for some time, the only FDI player to enter the market in a joint venture with Maruti a state operated enterprise at the time. Ten years later, as part of a broader move to liberalize its economy, India de-licensed passenger car manufacturing and opened it up further to foreign participation. The 800, being a Maruti model, enjoyed a number of benefits from the government. There were other sops too specifically for Maruti, which helped the company keep prices down for the 800. The Indian government is alleged to have curbed competition in order to promote state-owned Maruti. Consequently, several new car projects like Premier Automobiles planned tie-up with Nissan to manufacture the Sunny in the mid-80s did not receive government approval. Economical Factor: The economic conditions in India where favoring Maruti Suzuki because the people were willing to spend more on automobile sector. The Indian economy was doing better and after the last decade’s emergency rule under Indira Gandhi the eighties was a time of development and stabilization for the economy and people. The disposable income of the middle class was rising and they could now think of investing in things like better homes and cars so Maruti’s entry at the time was perfect. Social Factor: Socially the Indian middle class was gaining in repute and spending power. The common man wanted to buy a family car that gave him mobility and didn’t cost a bomb and was easier to own and maintain. The population was rising and there was a serious shortage of options as far as car models in the nation was concerned we were not exactly spoilt for choice as far as cars was concerned. Technological Factor: With the presence of only two players in the industry The Hindustan Motors â€Å"AMBASSADOR† and the Premier Padmini (PAL) â€Å"FIAT†, it is safe to say that technologically the cars being sold in the era were dated and old. Maruti entered India with Suzuki (Japan) and brought with itself latest technology that included a) A modern compact efficient engine b) Bucket seats c) Floor mounted gear box ) Better servicing options e) Cheaper spares So with a favorable PEST analysis Maruti Suzuki zoomed into the country and the hearts of millions of people. PORTER’S 5 FORCE MODEL Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning of the Maruti 800: The Maruti 800 was mass marketed since day one and with India being a largely price-driven market; the 800 became an entry point for first time car buyers. Price difference between Maruti 800 and its nearest rival used to be about INR 50,000-100,000, which was 25-50% of the 800s price. The Maruti 800 was targeted at small families and the middle class. People who wanted to upgrade from a two wheeler to a 4 wheeler, the 800 had great aspirational value to millions of its first time buyers. The Maruti 800 made an excellent entry-level car. It was good value for money and yet came with basic amenities like air conditioning, coil-sprung rear suspension and bucket seats in the front. Indian legislation has also ensured that there were three-point seat belts all around. So it was positioned as an entry level car for those who wanted to step up to the world of four wheeling. Reasons for the success of the Maruti 800: Within a few months of its launch, the Maruti 800 became the largest selling car in India, a title it has held for every month since then, till the month of May 2004, when its stable-mate Alto led it by a few hundred units. Like all success stories, it is difficult to point out one single factor that has been responsible for the cars success, but several factors stand out, including: * The Maruti 800 is the cheapest car in the Indian market. With India being a largely price-driven market, the 800 has become an entry point for first time car buyers. Price difference between Maruti 800 and its nearest rival used to be about INR 50,000-100,000, which is 25-50% of the 800s price. * The Maruti 800 makes an excellent entry-level car. It is good value for money and yet comes with basic amenities like air conditioning, coil-sprung rear suspension and bucket seats in the front. Indian legislation has also ensured that there are three-point seat belts all around. * Over the last twenty years the 800 has established a reputation for being trustworthy and reliable. * The Maruti 800 is simple and basic and yet sophisticated enough to meet the requirements of safety and comfort. Maruti has the largest network of dealers in India, which means that the 800 has the widest reach. Apart from these, the 800, being a Maruti model, enjoyed a number of benefits from the government. There were other sops (Standard Operating Procedure) too specifically for Maruti, which helped the company keep prices down for the 800. The Indian government is alleged t o have curbed competition in order to promote state-owned Maruti. Consequently, several new car projects like Premier Automobiles planned tie-up with Nissan to manufacture the Sunny in the mid-80s did not receive government approval. Thus the Maruti 800 (actually up to the late 90s) did not have any real competition in the Indian market. A long period of more than 15 years without any real competition ensured that the 800s volumes stayed high, enough to amortise costs of the plants and dies used for manufacturing. This has ensured that the Maruti 800 has managed to retain its low pricing in a market where the nearest competitor, till a few months back, was priced about 50% higher. The 800s effect on India: It would be wrong to credit the 800 with merely the physical growth of the Indian market in its early days. The car has been for the Indian market what the 2CV and the Beetle have been for their respective markets. The 800 has been the car that has put India on wheels. Thanks to the model being launched in 1983, the Indian automotive benchmark was raised a few notches in terms of performance and quality. From an object of purely aspirational value, the 800 has transformed the passenger car in India to a perception more along the lines of a basic necessity. In doing so the 800 has provided a platform for all the models higher than it in the market. It has helped the market to mature to a level in which there is a place for many product segments and, at the top-end, models like the Porsche Cayenne or the latest S-Class. The 800 has encouraged low pricing in the Indian marketplace. Thanks to the low price benchmark set by the 800, competitors are inclined to price their products lower to come close to the 800. This has resulted in a market where the B-segment hatchbacks start retailing at little above INR 250,000 and a sub-compact like the Tata Indigo and the Ford Ikon (three-box Fiesta saloon based on last generation European model) at little above INR 400,000. This has made a number of cars more accessible to the Indian customer. The employment generated (both primary and secondary) was huge as Maruti resulted in the growth of a number of ancillary units. Thanks to the large volumes produced of the 800, the ancillary industry that started with Maruti in the Delhi-National Capital Region has benefited the most. Companies like Sona Steering (now Sona Koyo), Subros and Jai Bharat Maruti are amongst the most successful suppliers in India. On the other hand the contribution of the 800 in the socio-economic development of the satellite townships of Delhi cannot be denied. The initial phases of the growth of Gurgaon (a significant satellite township of Delhi) was fuelled by the local Maruti manufacturing unit. The infrastructure development kicked-off by Maruti (and its mainstay, the 800) in the early 80s laid the foundation for Gurgaon to develop into the modern IT-BPO hub that it is today. Maruti 800 in the BCG Matrix as of 2004: STARSwift, Wagon R, Swift Dzire| Ritz, A star,SX4,EECO,Estilo,Grand VitaraGypsy| CASH COW800,Alto. | DOGOmni| Even according to the latest (year 2004) BCG matrix the famed Maruti 800 is a cash cow business for Maruti, yes the sales have slumped to around 2500 monthly. But there are still hard core fans that swear by the 800 name and would just not put their trust in any other car. That’s the precise reason why MUL would not discontinue the 800 just yet. Yes because of the latest Bharat Stage 4 emission norms it has been proposed that the 800 be phased out but that phase out would not be immediate it would be carried out slowly and timely as its been started with Maruti not selling/producing the 800 in 13 of India’s top cities, the phase out would follow a similar path into tier1 and tier 2 cities. If we take a look back at Maruti’s flagship models performance a decade and half ago it was the shining star of Maruti. When the car was launched in 1983 within two years the car lapped up numbers like no other and emerged as a star for the company. For more than a decade since 1987 till 1998 it was the star of the Maruti stable and thereafter it assumed the role of a cash cow which it holds to this day. It’s safe to say that India’s answer to VW Beetle and the Citroen 2cv will not die just yet. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION: On the advertising and promotional front the 800 has always been projected as a compact entry level family car. The campaigns have always shown a sensitive, family centric theme that always found favor with the sentimental Indian audience. Since they were high involvement purchases involving a great degree of thought, time and effort Maruti always scored big by making their ads high on the emotion quotient as well. Maruti always touched the emotional cord with their adds weather it was the â€Å"India comes home in a Maruti† campaign or â€Å" joy of life â€Å" campaign their adds were always that much closer to the hearts of the audience. There portrayal of the 800 as a member of the family only goes to reinforce their family and values orientation. Fuel efficiency was another trump card on their side that Maruti always played to perfection. The campaign â€Å"Petrol Khatam Hi Nahi hunda† highlighted the super mileage of the car and incorporated the warmth of the family as well. Their creative’s also targeted the youth quite effectively as it was presented as young peppy car when actually it was aging, their target audience was always most certainly the young family man or a young man who is about to start one. On the PLC front though sadly it is coming to an end it’s in the decline phase of its life with it having already created a market share and that too is being eaten away. Maruti’s plans of taking it out in 2-3 years would mean the end of the road for a motoring true icon. Maruti 800’s Competition and Strategy: 2000 onwards Maruti 800, the name most common for a middle class Indians and the only car in the A-Segment category. It served as cash cow of MUL for nearly 17 years. It can still milk better and MUL is trying its level best to capture the market. The basic strategic focus of MUL is to offer Zen,Alto LX and its variants to all the existing customers and on the other hand position Maruti 800 to those who want to switch from twowheeler to four-wheelers segment. The obvious idea is to keep Maruti 800 out of the competition and make it nearest alternative for two wheeler segment. According to Ansoff matrix it will be called as new market / old product move. It is quite clear from the strategic point of view that Alto never influence Maruti 800 or its variants for cannibalization. Though there was hardly any difference of more than Rs. 5000 between the two entry level and small car segment. Placing all facts and moves of MUL since 2000 will give a broader picture of the game plan and strategic sequence. Tracing back to start of year 2000, MUL market share had fallen to 51 percent from 80 percent that it had enjoyed for nearly seventeen years. Though the market share had fallen altogether, the sales of Maruti 800 had grown by 22 per cent, that of Omni by 48 per cent and that of the Zen by 22 per cent. The MUL’s logic for increase in unit sale with the decrease in over-all market share is that when there are more players in the market there will be competition. When there is competition, the market expands and the consumer base increases which means there will be more number of unit sales. March 2000, MUL came out of the mess with sales of 44,167 units. The sales included 3,980 units for export. These sales included 12,348 units in the B segment and 7,510 units of Zen and 4,838 units of Wagon R. The market equation balanced the loss on Hyundai’s Santro and Daewoo’s Matiz part. Some market share was eaten up by Telco’s Indica as well. The Hyundai’s loss of market share was not because of lack in marketing strategy but the production problem. Hyundai’s Santro and Accent was produced on the same assembly line and Hyundai was trapped in catch-22 to maintain a restriction on trade off between the production of Santro and Accent. MUL’s strategy to offer credit sale to its dealers also fueled the fire. At the same time Alto was strategically placed with two variants LX and VX. Alto LX was placed between Maruti 800 and Zen at price Rs. 299,000 (mind the psychological pricing) while Alto LX was placed between Wagon R and Esteem at price Rs. 365000. Later on the VX version was backed out from the market as customers were hardly able to differentiate between two models. The difference was of LX and VX but one cost 66,000 more then another. So what is the lesson from this mistake Never position two brand extensions with high price difference and to wrong customers! January 2003, MUL hiked the price of its all 800 cc variants, Omni and Esteem. Competitors were emotionless on this move of MUL. Just six months after that Tata Engineering gestured for price hike due to higher input cost. MUL going against the situation slashed the price of its entry level car-Maruti 800. OOPS!! How it is possible when the cost of raw material is increasing and out of 12 Manufacturer one (MUL) has slashed the price and for what did they hike the price for just six months. This key insight was in the long term profit at the expense of short term decrease in sales. The three Brands, Maruti 800, Omni and Esteem covered 55 percent sales of MUL portfolio and MUL covered 60 percent market share of the total four wheeler segments. The whole game plan was to cash this opportunity of increase in raw material cost. If you remember, the increase in price in Jan-2002 was nearly Rs. 000 for 800 cc variants and Rs. 4000 for Omni and Esteem. Now after six month the price reduction was only for Maruti 800 and in the range of Rs. 15000 for 800 cc variants. Logically, there was no loss but profit by this price decrease. The only thing they did was that they took money Rs. 8000 from one consumer (price hike) in the month of January and gave it to a customer who bought in the month of July (as a decreased price) and the increase in sales with this game plan bought all the profit. The only question arises is that how did it happen? The answer comes from psychological effect on customer with the increase in the steel cost. But some still think that the price reduction was due to decrease in sales and on the other hand MUL told its due to cost rationalization and improvement in production efficiency. MUL was thinking hard to curb the market in the A and B segment. The main competition for these segments was coming from second hand cars market as substitute. This market being unorganized and large was on the radar of MUL. The MUL shaped it as organized sector with the brand name True Value. All dealers in this market were selling the second hand car with 85 percent price of the new car. All the damaged parts were replaced with the new Maruti branded parts. Only vehicles which are less than seven years old were procured under the True Value scheme in accordance with the norms of MUL. All the vehicles done lesser then 60,000 km were on one–year warrantee. The highly sold brands were Maruti 800, Zen and Santro. The motive of Maruti behind this ball game was to maintain market share of its brands and to regulate the market from either end. The Zen was in the top list of true value brands. To make some visible differentiation between a newly bought Zen and the one bought under True Value brand, MUL relaunched Zen with new look and without a price change. How Smart!!! The luck charmed on the royal part too which was exempted by Suzuki for Alto, Maruti 800, Omni, Gypsy, Esteem and Zen Suzuki, for the period April 2003 to March 2005. A 10 per cent discount on knocked down components imported by Maruti came as additional relax to MUL. To make it an opportunity MUL reduced Rs. 50000 on Alto. Competitively, MUL was on a strong position. The portfolio of MUL had at least five models in the A and B segments, while on the other side Hyundai with Santro, Tata Engineering with Indica and Fiat Auto with Palio were competing with only one product in B segment. The competitors were not ready to reduce the prices and were shrinking their market with more expensive variants like Hyundai Getz. The indication is that MUL is only company to penetrate in the market with low priced vehicles. This makes the MUL also busy in price adjustments. The upcoming problem was of Maruti 800 and its variants. Sales of Maruti 800 were eroding continuously since 2000. To make strategic fit of Maruti 800, MUL stepped out in year 2003 to tie-up with the State Bank of India for financing, the main objective was to use wider rural market network of SBI for tapping the prospects. To take the competition by Hyundais Santro and Tata Motors Indica seriously for B-segment cars, Maruti Udyog Ltd, Indias largest carmaker, unveiled a new-look Zen, without change in price. In mid of 2004, more national and international bank started integrating in the win-win strategy of MUL. HDFC Bank has launched a new product for financing Maruti 800. The bank promised to offer 85 percent finance for on road Maruti 800 (with registration and insurance) for tenure of seven years. The objective was to match EMI of the two-wheeler with Maruti 800. Apart from easy loans from banks, MUL launched a new market offer called `2-se-4 in Ahmedabad and Hyderabad under which a consumer can exchange his two-wheeler for a Maruti 800. In the same year, Alto performance made it to overtake the company’s bread-and-butter car Maruti 800 to become the largest selling car. In July 2004, Alto sales were 14 percent higher then Maruti 800. To cope up with the increasing cost, MUL increased the price of all models indirectly by launching new variants of Zen. The price of Maruti 800 was kept constant to suit it for the targeted customers who were two-wheelers owners. The next thing MUL did was to increase the procurement of steel from domestic market by 15%. This was to get competitive advantage of low cost steel as compared to imported steel. MUL also relaxed the norms of schemes for True Value cars to increase the market share. It was a different kind of proliferation where a customer can choose a second hand Maruti 800 or Zen or a new variant of Zen and Wagon R as per the value fathomed by customers. With eye on entry car market, Tata threaten with a car priced on Rs. 100,000 which is still on papers. The threat was caught by MUL and proactively advertised launch of its LPG variants of Maruti 800 and Alto. The idea was to reduce the maintenance and fueling cost. WOW!! Handle threat with a counter threat. The over-all sales MUL grown by 20 percent in the financial year 2007 Despite decrease in sales of Maruti 800 by 11 percent, Baleno and Esteem sales by 7 percent Alto, Zen and Wagon R shares the highest share of sales in the product portfolio of MUL and maintained the over all sales increase by 20 percent. In A3 segment, with the presence and focus of car-makers such as Hyundai, Ford, GM, Honda and new entrants like Mahindra-Renault combine is making existing and competition intense. Maruti the major player of the small car segment market has only 15 percent share in the A3 segment. The true indication of Head-on can be guessed by the launch of new models by major players who also expanding their presence in the segment. MUL launched sedan SX4 and priced just at par with Honda City. This launch was the replacement of Baleno and to strengthen the A3 segment. The only restriction will come with production unit at Manesar which produces the Swift and SX4. The installation capacity of this unit is 100,000 units. Nearly 7000 units of Swift already produced from this plant per month. This left little score for the production of SX4. The momentum in the economy and increase in the disposable income of the consumers increased the market demand by 22 percent. So the scope in the market is higher. The MUL reshuffled its portfolio launched five new models starting with Swift Petrol in May 2005. In 2006-07, the company phased out the Zen and replaced it with a brand new car the Estilo and gave Wagon R a face lift. Apart from internal problems, the external factors are turning unfavourable to customers. It is fact that 75 percent of the customers buy the cars on loans. The increasing interest rates have begun to affecting the sales. On the other hand increasing cost of steel procurement has affected the operation margin which is flat on 13. 36 percent. In the FY06, the sales were driven by lower exercise duties. The strategic focus is on three dimensions; new engine design, fuel efficiency and diesel engines. Till now the diesel engine is the domain of Tata. The launch of LPG models has witnessed the strategy of MUL. Swift diesel was initial step for the whole journey. To beat the competition, loans for Marutis cars are being priced at the lowest rates in the industry 8. 9 per cent per annum, which is about 40 basis points lower than that offered by arch rival Hyundai Motor, makers of the popular model Santro. MUL has the capacity of producing 2500 units per month due to restriction on production capacity. The car makers inability to replace its fading models Gypsy, Versa and Omni is also going against the company. In June 2007, MUL has offered discounts ranging from Rs 5,000 to 35,000 across various models. Th e discount is on Maruti 800, Omni, Alto, Esteem, Versa and on the petrol models of Wagon R, Swift. No discounts have been given on Swift diesel and SX4. The domestic sales were zoomed by 25. 5 percent. C segment, that comprises Omni and Versa, MUL sales up by 24 percent. The company sold 37,646 units in the A2 segment comprising hatchbacks Alto, Wagon-R, Zen and Swift as against 27,228 units in the same month last year, up 38. 3 per cent. Sales of sedans Esteem and newly-launched SX4 increased 46. 4 per cent in the month at 3,923 units. Sales in the A1 segment, comprising MULs flagship Maruti-800, dipped 20. 3 per cent at 6,214 units. Prices over the past five years havent moved much| February | 2000| 2,32,444 | June | 2000| 2,15,401 price cut to offset sales tax hike)| January | 2001| 2,21,144| March | 2001| 2,08,903 (excise cut)| May | 2002| 2,24,201| July| 2002| 2,06,419 (price cut)| March | 2003| 2,00,969 (excise cut)| April | 2004| 2,04,827| Maruti 800 (Domestic Sales Volume in Units) Fiscal Years| 1983-84| 852| 1984-85| 20269| 1987-88| 63763| 1994-95| 106114| 1995-96| 139403| 1996-97| 183593| 1997-98| 184584| 1998-99| 161975| 1 999-00| 189061| 2000-01| 151976| 2001-02| 144387| 2002-03| 143322| 2003-04| 167561| Time Line: Maruti launched the first 800 (Alto IV generation), the SS80, in the Indian market in December 1983. The car was known just as the Maruti 800 and was essentially a four-door saloon with a rear window that opened for access to the boot area. The model received a heavy facelift in 1986 with the introduction of the SB 308 body style. This new shape made the 800 into a five-door hatchback though the mechanicals remained the same including the 796cc, three-cylinder engine and the leaf-spring rear suspension. This body style continued unaltered, barring a few changes to the grille, for the next 11 years till 1997. The present Maruti 800 shape was launched in 1997. Maruti replaced the carburetion system in the 796cc engine in early 2000 with an MPFI unit to meet the Euro II emission norms. Power went up from 39bhp to 46bhp though there were no other major changes. Platform remained the same though the rear leaf spring suspension was changed to coil springs for the deluxe model. The company also offered a five-speed gearbox in the deluxe model. The 800 in this form has continued till date though the company has now withdrawn the five-speed gearbox from the range in order to push the new Alto. * December 1983: Launch. SS80, four door saloon with a rear window that opened like a hatch. * 1986: Major facelift: SB 308, the tailgate opens completely and the car is now a five-door hatchback * 1997: First major facelift in eleven years. New headlight, taillight, dashboard, indicators etc * 2000: Upgraded engine MPFI. 46bhp. Also five-speed gearbox, coil-spring rear suspension and radial tyres. 2003: Five speed version withdrawn. The 800: Future Imperfect? The Indian passenger car market is witnessing a sea change with the B- and C-segments being the fastest growing. The A-segment, where the Maruti 800 is the only player is not growing and 800 sales have been stagnating in recent months. In fact, May sales went down on a year-on-year basis, which Maruti attributed to uncharacteristically higher sales in May 2003. But more than the stagnation (or decrease) in sales, it is the rise in sales of the Alto that has affected the 800. Some time back, Maruti had reduced the prices of the Alto with the base version now selling at around INR 230,000 (non AC), only slightly higher than the AC version of the 800 (INR 226,000). Even the AC version of the Alto at INR 260,000 is not very far off the 800. The Alto is powered by the same 796cc engine, has more modern mechanicals and is bigger. It is also regarded as a more expensive car in the typical Indian social strata. Thus the pricing of the Alto has made it a substitute for the 800, the worst affected being the 800s wedding gift market. People who used to gift Maruti 800s are now gifting the Alto as for only a few thousand more they command more respect. Alto sales started creeping up once Maruti launched the non-AC version and the gap between the 800 and Alto narrowed and the bigger car finally overtook the traditional best seller in May 2004. In May, the score read: Maruti 800 10,016; Alto 10,373 units. It seems likely that the Alto will continue to lead in the Indian market. Maruti executives point out that April-July is not a good period for the 800 sales as the 800s main customer the salaried middle-class in India are under financial pressure (because of income tax in Feb-March and expenses during the start of the financial year like school/college admission fees) during these months and also because of a tendency to defer purchase decisions till after monsoon. In reaction to falling sales, the Indian media has been quick to speculate the eventual demise of the Maruti 800, a speculation that Maruti executives are quick to dismiss and they have a point too as a 10,000 unit per month model (and currently Indias second largest selling car) cannot be retired so easily. They point out that the companys strategy is to bring down the Alto to A-segment prices so that Maruti can offer two models in the same price band. Two models will only help grow the A-segment like our three models have grown the B-segment, pointed out an executive. The then Managing Director of Maruti Udyog added, The point that Maruti 800 would make way for a lower priced Alto, assumes that price is the only factor for entry-level buyers. That is not true. For many thousand aspirants, Maruti 800 is the only brand they will settle for, because it is the one they trust. And trust is something that the 800 has in abundance as a brand that has crossed 20 years of existence and sold in excess of two million units to date. To support the 800, Maruti is now targeting the 40-million two-wheeler owners in India. With financial institutions ready to offer loans up to eight years, the Maruti 800 base model is now available at a down payment of INR 21,000 and an EMI of INR 2,500, something that brings it closer to two-wheeler prices, a fact that Maruti is strongly publicising with millions spent on a new ad campaign to highlight the affordability of the 800. A fresh facelift cannot be ruled out. Yet, the bias towards the Alto cannot be missed as the company realises that they have an eventual replacement of the 800 now. The intention is to depreciate the Alto faster so that prices can be further brought down. Maruti is also working hard to further reduce component costs of the Alto so that prices can be further rationalised. Other steps, like stopping the 800 five-speed version and delaying a long overdue facelift for the 800, have pushed customers towards the Alto. What may eventually bring the end to the 800 story point out some analysts is future legislation. New safety legislation and the impending upgrade to Euro III may make Maruti think very hard about whether or not to invest in the 800. But that is still three years away and this is a long time period in Indias automotive industry. Fate of Maruti-800: In early Feb-2009 Maruti-Suzuki Limited announced to scale down the production of the popular brand Maruti-800. They cited inability to upgrade the Maruti-800 engine to comply with engine efficiency and pollution standards as reason for the same. At that time Euro IV norms were recently adopted in 11 major cities of India. The cities were Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Kanpur, Ahmedabad, Surat and Agra. Later in the same year the Maruti-800 was phased out from production schedules completely due to ever diminishing contribution to the sales revenue. EXHIBIT-1 Market Segment of India Car Industry -2010 Learning/s from the study: * STP of the company was spot on considering the country they were in. * Varying Marketing strategies to maintain/increase the sales of the product. * Managing cannibalization from its own product. * Exiting the market at the right time. References: * Philp Kotler * Prof. Bharadwaj’s Slides * Wikipedia * Google * www. managementfunda. com * www. articlesbase. com * www. icmrindia. org * www. slideshare. net * www. internsindia. com