Why Students Should Test Ideas Via Active Experimentation

As a firm believer in progressivism, I believe that education should be focused on the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. I believe students should test ideas via active experimentation. Students should question and explore, not simply receive facts and information from their teacher. â€Å"Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise through experiencing the world† (oregonstate.edu). I grew up in a worksheet type of classroom, and as a visual learner that suited me just fine. I would play teacher and every imaginary student started their day with a worksheet bell ringer, because that’s all I knew. Next, we would listen to the teacher lecture or read from the textbook. I learned just fine, so I imagined my†¦show more content†¦He also did not receive free or reduced lunch because his parents never submitted the paperwork, and he had no money for lunch. Luckily his teacher had packed for themselves, one giving him her sandwich, one giving him her grapes and he could take chips from the office. It broke my heart knowing these students experience such awful things so young in life. It was then that I learned the importance of catering to the whole child. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs states that primarily a person needs to be physiologically taken care of, and this boy was a prime example. He must be fed before we can switch his brain to focus on academics. He needs to know his teachers care about him, his peers accept him and his presence is important before he can bring his attention solely on learning. In my own classroom, I hope to adhere to this philosophy by creating ongoing projects that allow students to choose how they will demonstrate their learning. This project stimulates the workshop environment and meets many standards. I would also be sure to integrate technology, as it’s important for educators to stay current with educational advancements and technology is such a big part of you ng students lives. Along with ongoing projects, I would reduce homework as best I could. I believe homework is a teacher centered idea, along with grades and test scores, because each are at the control of the teacher, and not the student’sShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles Essay4126 Words   |  17 Pagesaffect learning for a student. Incorporated in this I will discuss theories of ‘learning styles’, comparing and contrasting them and try to identify aspects which can impact upon my practice. I will analyse my own teaching style and that of others to see how the theories can be applied and also assess my own success in meeting the needs of the students. 1.1 Why? The information provided in this assignment will allow me a better understanding of the variety of ways a student can learn. This willRead MoreThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus Episdermidis7962 Words   |  32 PagesBIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.35 APPENDIX A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 APPENDIX B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦41 APPENDIX C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.44 APPENDIX D†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....45 CURRICULUM VITAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦46 vi TABLES Table1. The Active Constituents of Papaya (Carica) Leaves |Active Constituents |Descriptions/Uses | |Alkaloids |Alkaloids act on a diversity of metabolic systems in humans and otherRead MoreThe Effect Of Practical Work On Students Performance9732 Words   |  39 Pages EFFECT OF PRACTICAL WORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN MURANG’A EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. MUCHAI AUGUSTINE NG’ETHE REG. No. E83/20087/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in anyRead MoreAssignment 1 PPD( Personal professional development5741 Words   |  23 Pagesto self-managed learning Describe Kolb’s experimental learning cycles and main approaches to learning. Clarify advantages and disadvantages of each approach Task 1 2 Propose ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts should be encouraged Using Honey and Mumford’s theory framework Describe the meaning of continuing professional development. Task 2 3 Evaluate the benefits of self-managed learning to the individual and organization Give out some benefits of self-managedRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagestheory help students learn better? 8. How can I find out more about M.I. theory? PART II – Demonstration 1. Seeing MI in action 2. What do M.I. lesson plans look like? 3. Poll PART III – Exploration 1. How will we explore multiple intelligences theory in the classroom? 2. How do I apply multiple intelligences (M.I.) theory in my classroom? 3. What are some simple ways to get started? 4. What are some of the challenges I may face? 5. How do I assess students progressRead MoreSkeletal Muscle Physiology5316 Words   |  22 Pagesmuscle. 5. To graphically understand the relationships between passive, active, and total forces. 6. To identify the conditions under which muscle contraction is isometric or isotonic. 7. To describe in terms of length and force the transitions between isometric and isotonic conditions during a single muscle twitch. 8. To describe the effects of resistance and starting length on the initial velocity of shortening. 9. To explain why muscle force remains constant during isotonic shortening. 10. To explainRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 Pagesconsumer products,  web sites  or web applications,  computer interfaces, documents, and devices are evaluated by testing it on users (Nielsen, 1994). In this protocol, investigators cue participants to speak their thoughts aloud in order to study an active thought process without forcing an in dividual to comment on the process itself (Hayes, 1986). The Social Sciences: Introspection is also used in a range of social sciences like psychology and political science. It is used in process tracing isRead MoreComputer Network : A Means Of Extending Interoperability And Promoting Self Productivity Through Sharing Of Computer Resources Essay9852 Words   |  40 Pagesbridges, this is commonly addressed as WAN – Wide Area Network. However, in interconnecting with our colleagues and equipment around us, we use the various form of LAN – Local Area Network, SOHO – Small Office Home Office falls to this category albeit via wireless transmission with the use of Access Points or wired technology using the Ethernet standards. Consequently, so many applications of computer networks have emerged from its many forms. Some of these includes the internet which is the biggestRead MorePerfume Out of Rose Petals5375 Words   |  22 Pages I. Statement of the Problem The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility to produce perfume from a flower. It sought to answer the following questions: 1. How long will the perfume last? 2. How many flowers should be used in making perfume? 3. How many people will agree/ disagree to the essence of the researchers perfume? II. Hypothesis The perfume might be fun by the buyers. They had the comparison between the different amount ofRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 PagesInformation Grand Canyon University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher  custom textbook usage The following icons have been created to assist students’ interactive experience in usage of this textbook. These will appear across the top or bottom of every page. Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underlined text Glossary term definition/directive

An Analysis of the Samuel Huntingtons and Benjamin Barbers Theories of Hybrid and Hermetically Sealed Cultures Free Essay Example, 2250 words

This fact is over-generalized in Huntington s view and supports a deliberately biased superiority of western civilization over the rest of the world before 1991. The first basis of Huntington s theory on Muslim culture as to the historicity of violence that was founded in its early beginnings does not hold ground considering that Judaism and Christianity also propounded the use of the sword to fight with one another and also against other religions. Surely, the comment made by George Bush about a Crusade against Muslim terrorism reveals the age-old Christian tradition of using military force in the name of Christ? (Ford para. 2). Although Huntington likes to compare Christ s seeming passivity to his enemies in the Christian faith, the United States (as a Christian nation) has certainly gone against the dictates of Christ s message by attacking Iraq without any evidence of WMDS. Similarly, the hollowness of the hybrid foundation for western cultures like America is demonstrated in the way they imposed their will on other nations in the War in Iraq. Another problem with Huntington s theory is that it does not function very well within the context of the Arabic cultures that have been affected by the imperialistic policy in the War in Iraq. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Samuel Huntingtons and Benjamin Barbers Theories of Hybrid and Hermetically Sealed Cultures or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The new government of Iraq, since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, was developed through American intervention. The tyrannical rule or dictatorship of the Saddam Hussein regime offers a stark contrast to the representative government the United States is helping to build in this underdeveloped country. The democracy being imposed on the Iraqi government is based on the proponents of the Bush Administration that views Iraq as a country of warlords, minority rule (the Sunni rule in Hussein), and other facets of a past dictatorship that are now gone after the invasion (Friedman 130-131). Certainly, this counter argument reflects the general consensus that Iraq is not able to build its own form of government after the long tradition of dictatorial government that preceded 2003.

Animal Testing is Unnecessary and Cruel Essay example

Carrots the rabbit has been under experimentations for almost all of his life. He has to suffer so someone can wash his or her hair. The makers of Dove shampoo are probably going to shove shampoo down his throat his reaction to it. Even if the rabbit lives through the experiment, there still going to kill him to see what happened to his organs. If this were a human being experimented on, people would be mesmerized. Scientist are debating whether shoving shampoo down a rabbits throat is effective. Testing on animals is a highly disagreeable process that should not be allowed. An animal is a living thing and so is a human. They eat, sleep, and live their life. Animals have rights. Why is it allowed that animals have to suffer so a human†¦show more content†¦Another point why animal testing is wrong is because of the brutal things that happen to the animals. For example, the Draize Test is used on white albino rabbits. They use white albino rabbits because of their sensitive eyes. In this process scientist, rub shampoo, soap, toothpaste or lawn products into their beautiful red eyes. Then they record the damage, they have observed. The test lasts up to 18 days, with the poor animals eyelids held open with a clip. Many of the rabbits end up with broken necks trying to escape from terrifying pain. First, it is unreasonable to keep the product in their eye that long. Not even a child would keep a product in their eye that long. The whole experiment was unnecessary to do. The eye tissue of a rabbit is very different from a human eye tissue. The pain th ey go through had no benefits. A final reason why animal testing is pointless is that there is no law saying that it is necessary to test any product on animals. Why make an animal suffer when there is no need? There are alternatives for animal testing that would have better results for humans, and it would not be involved in any animal unkindness. Why do companies not realize that they do not have to experiment on innocent animals? No animal should have to suffer for an unreasonable cause. Carrots the rabbit live today if it was not for the companies that still believe that it is okay to test animals with products. If there were alternatives to animal testing, why would itShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreMedical Testing on Animals is Considered Animal Cruelty Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Over 25 million animals are tested in labs every year. They are used for medical and scientific research. The animals used in research often undergo cruel experimentations and suffer through the pain. During medical testing, less than 2% of human illnesses are seen in animals, therefor medical testing on animals is cruel and pointless. Medical testing on animals should be illegal because products that pass animal tests end up harmingRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment And Should Discontinue1308 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Testing Animal testing has been going on for years; however, few question the ethics of testing medicines that would cure human diseases on animals. Various animals being tested in labs and cruelly force them to be a host of harmful diseases negatively affect their health. Animal testing is cruel and unusual punishment and should discontinue. Animal experimentation is a subject that many know of but don’t know much about. Although it is a big topic, people still don’t pay much attentionRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay537 Words   |  3 Pagesmillions of animals are used to test how safe and effective products, such as cosmetics, are. They are genetically modified, force-fed harmful chemicals, blinded, scalded, and maimed. How could one not object to this awful cruelty? Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, unnecessary, inaccurate, and expensive. The very first reason why animal testing should be banned is elementary: it is cruel and unnecessary. Approximately 17-22 million animals are used for testing each year inRead MoreAnimal Experimentation, Ethics, And Ethics1703 Words   |  7 Pages Animal experimentation and Ethics -Tseten dolkar The practice of experimentation on live animals as known as vivisection is prevalent since the old roman days. In the name of Science, Animals are being mistreated, exploited and murdered worldwide. Animal are usedRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong1495 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful Testing on Animals is Wrong In American society, many groups and organizations are debating whether or not animal testing should be banned. Some people believe that there are reasons why animal testing should be done. Others believe that animal testing is morally wrong. Some experts believe that there are other options available. I believe that animal testing is wrong based on three observations: animal testing is unethical, pointless, and abusive. Numerous years ago, animal testing was startedRead MoreThe Use Of Research On Cosmetics And Its Effects On Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesBlinded by Beauty On average, 26 million animals are used every year for the use of research on cosmetics. These tests should be banned for many obvious reasons such as it is clearly cruel and inhumane, they cost more than alternative methods, and they do not predict an accurate result due to the anatomical differences. Animals are being unfairly tortured and killed for research on ingredients that people are unknowingly using in their everyday lives. Here’s an important question to consider;Read MoreThe Effects Of Animal Cruelty1691 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal cruelty has become a problem, it is causing harm to the animals lives. Animal Cruelty is the suffering of an animal, whether it is caused on purpose or not. There are other things that are cruel to animals, such as the testing of animals. These animals have no protection by law, which means they can be used for any testing. This is unacceptable, unfair, and cruel that these animals have to be used in testing. Animals are just as im portant as humans. Their are those who believe that it is okayRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Animal Welfare Movement Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagespractice of testing and then murdering innocent animals for medical research and cosmetics is immoral. Public policy establishing the animal welfare movement began in Great Britain with the passage stating an act in 1835 to consolidate and amend the several laws relating to the cruelty and improper treatment of animals. In 1911 the Parliament passed the â€Å"Protection of Animals Act, and it is still enforced currently. This policy was established while permitting humans to use animals as test subjectsRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about pros

The Civil War And After The War Of 1812 - 1607 Words

The Antebellum Period in American History is for the most part thought to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some extend it to every one of the years from the reception of the Constitution in 1789 to the start of the Civil War. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the country between abolitionists and supporters of slavery. The nation s economy started growing in the North due to the Industrial Revolution, the South s cotton blast made slave plantations the focal point of the economy. The addition of new region and western development saw the fortification of American independence and of Manifest Destiny, the thought that Americans and the foundations of the U.S. are ethically better and Americans are ethically committed than spread these foundations. From 1800-1860, the separation of the North and South lead to many opposing viewpoints on national issues. By 1860, compromise was considered impossible due to disagreements over handling slavery, sectionalism in the West, and states rights. While the North saw slavery an issue that needed to be resolved, the South saw slavery as an essential to their economy. In 1834, the American Anti-Slavery Convention held their first annual report, stating that those who own slaves are man stealers, and that any laws endorsing slavery go against the word of god, and are invalid. The convention s viewpoint on handling slavery was the immediate andShow MoreRelatedThe Causes And Outcomes Of The French And Indian War1485 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Outcomes of the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812. The wars prior to the Civil War may have taken place at different times throughout our history, they all feed into to one another like a river feeds a lake and a lake feeds into a river. It may have not seemed like it in the beginning but each one had a lasting effect and direct connection to the events of the future wars. All the wars prior to the Civil War had a direct purpose to building one of theRead MoreThe War Of The Revolutionary War1038 Words   |  5 Pagesat Yorktown, the revolutionary war was over, and the United States began the arduous task of rebuilding an economy held back by colonialism and destroyed by war. From the 1780s up until the 1810s, the economy was slowly growing and diversifying, the War of 1812 halted much of those advanced. The war ruined the United States economy once again, but it allowed it to grow and develop to new heights and become stronger than before the war. After the revolutionary war, the United States began the arduousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo Act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreIntroduction Of The American Industrial Revolution1467 Words   |  6 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo Act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 Pagesand the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but also disrupting American trade. Therefore, President Thomas Jefferson decided to announce the Embargo Act of 1807, which supported Americans producing their own goods because it banned the trade of foreign goods. Not long after the Embargo act, the War of 1812 changed theRead MoreThe Fireside Poets Were Popular At A Time When The United States1382 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States was a new nation, suffering pressure from outside governments as well as growing pains of its own. Historical events such as the War of 1812 threatened to overwhelm the young democracy. At the same time, there was the beginning of the push for westward expansion, and the beginnings of the schism over slavery which would culminate in the Civil War. The fireside poets represented a movement to involve the reader in events of the current day through literature. Most of them had causesRead MoreWinfield Scott Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Winfield Scott was a true American hero. Serving in 3 wars and numerous other battles and conflicts, he left a legacy that was talked about for over 5 decades. He served in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Civil War. He began his military career and advanced quickly in the ranks. He was a formidable leader and very studious in military tactics. A big man, he stood at 61/2 feet tall, and demanded respect both when in uniform and without. He was referred to as Old Fuss andRead MoreThe War Of New Orleans Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesbody_americanperspective_warof1812_2.jpg The War of 1812 is probably our most obscure conflict. Although a great deal has been written about the war, the average American is only vaguely aware of why we fought or who the enemy was. Even those who know something about the contest are likely to remember only a few dramatic moments, such as the writing of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the burning of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. Why is this war so obscure? One reason is that noRead MoreLeading The War of 1812: Sir Isaac Brock and Tecumseh Essay example1621 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom-loving American people or it’s president, James Madison. These three men all had powerful leadership roles and largely affected the War of 1812 and changed the future of North America. Tecumseh, the Shawnee war chief, James Madison, the United States President, and Sir Isaac Brock, the British commander of Canada, all had dreams for the future, and the War of 1812 would determine which of these would come true. Tecumseh wanted to preserve the land for his people and get the white men out of theRead MoreThe War Of New Orleans1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe War of 1812 is probably our most obscure conflict. Although a great deal has been written about the war, the average American is only vaguely aware of why we fought or who the enemy was. Even those who know something about the contest are likely to remember only a f ew dramatic moments, such as the writing of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the burning of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. Why is this war so obscure? One reason is that no great president is associated

Marks and Spencer Overview Free Essays

An overview of Marks amp; Spencer plc Marks amp; Spencer (Mamp;S) is a leading British retailer, with over 895 stores in over 41 countries around the world. As of 2009, 600 stores currently located throughout the United Kingdom along with 295 stores planted internationally (Mamp;S 2009). According to Deloitte (2009) Mamp;S is the largest clothing retailer in the United Kingdom, as well as being an exclusive food retailer and as of 2009, the 43rd largest retailer in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks and Spencer Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now The large majority of its domestic stores sell both clothing and food, and since the turn of the century it has started expanding into other ranges such as homewares, furniture and technology. Figure 1 illustrates Mamp;S’s overall sales in millions from the years 2005 – 2009. The graph trend shows a gradual increase in turnover every year. By the end of 2009 Mamp;S revenue reaches 9,062. 1 million compared to 2005 revenue of 7,490. 5 million. A difference of ? 1571. 6 Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. Figure 1: Mamp;S Sales (2005-2009) Figure 2 represents the operating profit of Mamp;S. There is a steady rise in the growth of sales from 2005 to 2008. However in the year 2009 there is a decline in the growth of sales. This is fairly due to the economic recession resulting in less economical activity. Mamp;S prices would have risen resulting in a decline in demand for their products and services. Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. Figure 2: Mamp;S Sales growth (2005-2009) Figure 3 displays the two primary categories of business for Mamp;S. Food as a whole and all other products falling under house hold products. Both areas of business are equally important as they hold a near perfect hare of the business. Data taken from Mamp;S 2009. 51% 49% Figure 3: Mamp;S main business areas Business strengths and weaknesses: Mamp;S has grown over the 21st and it is arguable that the company has moved from strength to strength. Mamp;S are strong in many dynamics ranging from a politically, economically and highly strategic company. One major strength of Mamp;S is its emerging image of an active environmentally friendly company. On 15 January 2007, Mamp;S launched an initiative, known as ‘Plan A’ (Mamp;S, 2009) to dramatically increase the environmental sustainability of the business within 5 years. In 2006 the Look Behind the Label marketing campaign was introduced. The aim of this campaign was to highlight to customers, the various ethical and environmentally friendly aspects, of the production and sourcing methods engaged in by Mamp;S including Fairtrade products and sustainable fishing. As indicated by A. Fletcher (2006) all coffee and tea sold in Mamp;S stores is now Fairtrade. According to the BBC (2006) the company offers clothing lines made from Fairtrade Cotton in selected departments. This aspect of Mamp;S emphasises the equality and fairness to the public and helps promote its products to certain groups in the market who would not previously purchase their products for this specified reason. Although Mamp;S is a highly recognised and established company it has fallen under heavy criticism in the past. War on Want (2007) criticised Mamp;S, in its Growing Pains report for using its influence to force overseas suppliers to continuously diminish their costs while boosting their own profits. Political issues have also arisen, the company has been criticised for its support for the State of Israel during wars and conflict. According to J. Smith (2004) activists have campaigned against the company and some stores have had their signage altered and their goods re-labelled. As a result boycotts have taken place with little effect on Mamp;S sales and profits yet this has led to a disruption in social cohesion of society demonstrate through protests. Development of new products and services: Most (Mamp;S, 2009) stores originally sold both clothing and food, and since the turn of the century it has started expanding into other ranges such as homewares, furniture and technology, beauty and energy. The Indigo collection (Mamp;S, 2009) is a new range of clothing aimed at the core, 35-45, feminine businesswoman type. The shoes, trousers and jeans will be UK-sourced and the T-shirts will involve Fair trade cotton from Senegal, India and Pakistan. Beachwear may be added to the list if the success continues. Per Una, also a relatively new product for younger female’s clothing sold at M;amp;S stores. The product was launched on September 28, 2001 as a joint venture between M;amp;S and Next. All per Una items include the three hearts logo. The BBC (2005) states Per Una has been a major success for the company. In 2006 (M;amp;S, 2009) launched a range of domestic technology products. Thirty-six stores now offer this range. Additional services offered include television installation and technical help. Competitors: M;amp;S does not have any one store that is a complete competitor in terms of products and services. Supermarkets such as Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys compete with M;amp;S to a certain extent, primarily in the food industry. Marks ;amp; Spencer is predominantly a clothing store which obtains most of the company’s profit. Yet due to the significant product differentiation, M;amp;S competes with many companies for example Cotton Traders are a competitor in their clothes, John Lewis competes in their home accessories whereas Waitrose competes in food. As a result M;amp;S have to constantly innovate and outsource to stay competitive in the market and dominate. Marketing Strategies: By training and developing its staff well, M;amp;S is in a position to develop a competitive advantage over its competitors Firstly, developing value-for-money products that customers want. Training and development brings new skills which help to add value to its products and services, for example by cutting costs. This enables the company to keep prices lower to benefit the customer and increase consumer demand leading to profit in the long run. M;amp;S provides good customer service through communication skills, this can have a positive impact on customer service. Training and development equips individuals with the skills they need to achieve their targeted role in the business. When Steve Sharp joined as marketing director in 2004, he introduced a new promotional brand under the Your M;amp;S banner, with a corresponding logo. This has now become the company’s main brand in its advertisements. The use of high profile television campaigns has been influential in the company’s recent success, particularly with the achievements of a new clothing campaign featuring high profile models, and the new TV ad campaign for its food range. These adverts have the tagline ‘This is not just food, this is M;amp;S food’. Furthermore the use of camera special effects and footage along with music and a pleasant voiceover leads to a very persuasive advertisement. A new store format designed by Urban Salon Architects has won much praise and is in the process of being rolled out across all stores, with a majority of stores being completed by the end of 2008. The full new look makeover is a reworking of store design, including the gutting of old stores. An increase in display and product walls, window display styles, larger fitting rooms, glass walls, till points, and general total updating of decals, equipment, and lighting. How to cite Marks and Spencer Overview, Papers

Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union? Answer: Introduction: The subject matter of the case is based on the facts regarding the provisions of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and certain initiatives have been taken to identify the relevant provision of the facts. It is to be pointed out that what are the reasons behind the change of focus of the EU commission from protection of competition to the safeguarding consumer welfare. It is to be understood the meaning of the competition and the relation of the same with the consumer welfare. In general, it has been observed that the competition is a process through which the companies use to offer certain goods and services to the consumers. Competition helps to reduce the cost of the goods and facilitate the services regarding the same. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case. The subject o f the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Objectives regarding both the Articles are to restrict all the steps that are taken to close the chance of competition in the consumer related matters [1]. The European Union commission has the right to deal with the provisions of the treaty. There are certain reasons that taking place in recent times regarding the transferring of focus from the protection of competition to the safeguards consumer welfare. It has been decided by the commission that the most important thing is to protect the interest of the consumers. The Treaty of Functioning of European Union was for the first time generated in the year 1957 in Rome and the then name of the treaty was European Economic Community[2]. Later on 2007, the treaty was known as Treaty of Functioning of European Union. The treaty is divided into seven parts. The base and the value of the treaty are discussed in the first part. It consists of 17 Articles. The second part of the treaty delivers its views regarding the non-discrimination and certain steps have been taken for the interest of the nation as well as the European Union. Policies and the internal actions of the European Union are being discussed in the third part of the treaty. The consumer related matter has been discussed in the third part of the Treaty[3]. Article 101 of TFEU Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality [4]. It has been stated by the European Union that competitive mentality is important to retain the growth in market and it is held that the market operators are contracting agreements by two ways. When the agreements are being made in between the actual and potential competitors, that is known as the horizontal agreement and when in the agreement process, different types of firms are engaged, it becomes known as vertical agreement. The provision of Article 101 creates effect in the internal market area. Certain provisions are being mentioned under this Article to restrict all the attempts made for the prohibition of competition. It has been mentioned under the Article that the undertakings and the decisions that are directly or indirectly inflicting the theories of competition has to be prohibited [5]. This is the provision regarding the internal marketing policy of European Union. The member states are restricted to take any kind of steps that will be an obstacle regarding the competition in the market. There should not be any dissimilarity regarding the transactions with the other trading parties and it should be bored in mind that certain supplementary obligations are to be imposed on the cartels. It has also been stated under the Article that if there is any decisions choose against the objective of the treaty shall be made void automatically. The objective of the Article is to provide relief to them who are affecting by the anti-competitive behavior. The European Union has taken such steps to avoid the complexion in the market policies. It is stated by the European Union that it is important to maintain a clarity regarding the internal marketing policies and retain economic efficiency in the markets. Article 102 of TFEU The main aim of the Article is to prevent those who have a dominant mentality and want to abuse the process of market. It has been alleged that the private sectors are trying to reduce the competitive mentality and avoid the monopolistic character of the market. This dominant mentality has been found in the sectors of the firm base. It has been stated by the Article that from the report of the market analyst that the dominancy regarding the marketing policies are high in number. Certain processes are taking for the reduction of the topics for the betterment of the society. The word market is playing an important role in the field of the European Union[6]. The markets are divided into two parts such as product market and geographical market. In the present case, it has been stated that the consumers are the most important part of the competition market. It has been mentioned under the Article 102 that there is a need to establish the competition in the private sector. If there is no competitive mentality in the private firm, then the price of the goods will become unfair immature, the production process of the goods will become limited in nature. Therefore, the applicability of these two Articles becomes necessary to maintain systematic approach in the marketing section. Court of justice Court of Justice governs the law related problems for the continents of the European Unions. It is the highest court for the provinces of the European Union. The main objective of the court is to implement and interpret the law and apply the same for achieving the ultimate purpose [7]. In the year 1952, Court of Justice was established in Luxembourg. All the EU-based disputes are to be resolved by the Court of Justice. The court is to be composed with the Judge, President, Vice-president, Advocates general, the Registrar, and Chambers. All the competition related matters are dealing by the parliamentary committees and it is to be stated that the committees are divided into two parts. The economic and the monetary policies are deals by the European parliament ECON committee and IMCO committee is dealing with the internal market and consumer protection. The Court of Justice ensures the interpretation and application of the competition law and prescribes certain steps to regulate the re levant laws across the EU. the steps of the Court of Justice has created significant effect on the European and deliver all the steps regarding the effectiveness of the competition law. Protection of competition Meaning Competition provokes many companies that are engaged with the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the rapid growth regarding the marketing policies. The concept of competition is one of the much debated topics regarding the controlling market policies and implementation of the same[8]. Therefore, there is a necessity to protect the provisions of the competition to secure the interest of the society and the consumer as well and the priority of the market is also to be enlightened through this. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules regarding competition and its effects on the markets. There are certain provisions regarding the prohibition of the anti- competitive agreements. The concept of the competition policies is to be unprotected due to many reasons such as the dominancy of the private firms and the restrictive provisions taken by the internal market cartels. The European Union has taken an attempt, by implementing several treaties to protect the competition policies. Objective The main objectives of the competition policies are to restrict the cartels, which are tried to prohibit the competition policies. It is to be stated that if there is no protective policies taken for the security of the competition policies, the price of the goods will be at hike. A linear mentality has been observed in the private sectors and a dominant mentality has been grown up within the society. The benefits of the competition are wide in nature and therefore, there is a necessity to implement the policies in the every stages of the society. An effort has been made to implement the policies regarding the transport, energy and telecommunication department and the objective of the same is to control the unfair advantage. The aim of the competition policies is to promote the general economic welfare to secure the interest of the consumers. Development Among the most success stories of the European Union, competition policy are most significant in nature[9]. All the member states of the European Union have a lean over the delegation of the competition policies. The development regarding the competition policies has been started after certain treaties had been passed to secure the market policies. Certain law has been passed to protect the interest of the internal market policies and it has been stated by the Court of Justice that the principles of the competition policies are important to follow up. Certain reformatory steps had been taken in the area of merger control and antitrust. The impact of the competition rules are developed with two dimensions[10]. The first part consists of certain set of rules for the betterment of the competition policies. The second dimension has certain external effect and the outcome of the same creating impact on the European business and consumers. The developments regarding the competition policie s are positive in nature and therefore, the European Union has become the leading jurisdiction regarding the anti-trust matters. Challenges: It is true that the competition policies have made a huge success since many years and the aftermath effect of the same leads the European Union in its highest peak in the internal markets. However, over some times, the policy has to face certain challenges regarding the consumer affairs and the political environment has become conservative in nature. Certain provisions that are engraved in the Article 102 of the treaty have been contained excessive pricing catalogue. It is important to regulate the price policies as the interest of the consumers are very much affected by the price policies. In the recent situation, regulatory interventions are taking the place of the competition policies. The reason behind the same can be the potentiality of the regulatory intervention than the competition policies. EU commission The European Union Commission is an institution of the European Union. It is solely responsible for upholding the EU treaties and managing the everyday business of the Union [11]. It operates from its headquarters located at Brussels, Belgium and also from Luxemburg. The researcher has highlighted on the role of the mentioned administrative body in protecting the rights of the individuals [12]. Consumer protection has been regarded as one of the top agendas of the commission since the last decade. Earlier the commission was much dedicated in creati9ng a global as well as a local market for the different goods and services of the member states. However, the paradigm shift of the new and challenging market conditions have forced the Commission to shift its focus into protecting the consumer rights of the individuals. The charter of fundamental rights and the European treaties such as the single European Act guarantee a high level of protection for the customers in the European Union. T he legislation constructed by the European Commission guarantees consumers; Fair treatment The products that meets the standard guidelines of the European Commission There is a clause in the legislation which ensures the right to redress if something or the other goes wrong The European Commission takes certain steps to secure the rights of the consumers. There are number of policies that determine the safety of the food, safety of the products and the protection of the information. All the consumer related products and the other products that are imported and exported in and from the EU premises must abide by the specific rules as because failure to follow the specific rules that will attract penalties and seizures. Safeguarding consumer welfare Meaning The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a clear and transparent consumer protection policy to protect the interests of the customers. The consumers and marketing legislation of the country have concentrated on protecting the economic interests of the consumers. The following can be defined as the set of laws that helps to curb the unfair consumer and commercial practices that are practiced by different organizations in and outside Europe. This may be in the form of misleading advertisements, problems in consumer contract laws [13]. The commission looks after these false and misleading advertisements and ensures that the consumers are not flown away by such wrong advertisements. The European Union Consumer Laws consists of some key legislative initiatives namely; The directive that are involved in assessing the unfair terms of the contract- The legislation prepared by the European Commission has a special directive that comes to the rescue of the customers who may be victims of unfair terms in the consumer contracts of the organization. The directive related to consumer rights- The protection of the consumer rights is one of the main objectives that is outlined in the legislation. The directive ensures the protection of the consumer in both demographic respect and also contracts negotiated away from the business premises as well as in respect of other aspects of consumer contracts. The directives are also applicable on doorstep selling and other forms of selling like online selling and phone selling. The directive related to sales and guarantees- The following directive covers certain aspects that relates to the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees. Objective As mentioned earlier the formulation of different articles and laws by the European Commission since the last decade has had the sole aim and objective to protect the interest of the customers inside the European Union[14]. Articles 101 and 102 of the European Commission legislation forms the legal basis for establishment of different measures that are aimed at the creation and the control of the internal market within the European Union. The act ensures a detailed security arrangement including the already mentio0ned consumer protection and updating the law with new developments that are based on scientific facts. The main objectives of the Articles are; Directly or indirectly fix the purchase or the selling prices or any other trading conditions. Sharing the sources of supply or the markets Applying the same conditions to equal transactions with the other trading parties Making the conclusion of contracts subject to the acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which are based on commercial usage and have no connection with the subject of the mentioned contracts[15]. Some of the Sectoral measures of the European Union Commission are; Consumer Groups Consumer Education Consumer Information Enforcement of the consumer rights Importance Some of the key factors that makes the European legislation one of the most important are; Protects the interests of the consumers Helps the consumers to select the right product Helps to increase the quality of goods and services in the European zone It ensures transparency which curbs any sort of menace while serving the consumers It provides the customers with efficient and healthy products It ensures the growth of the market The Legislation is designed in an appropriate way and to regulate and control the market Upgrading the policies and maintain the standard guidelines is one of the key tasks of the legislation process Conclusion Therefore, from the above named discussion, it is to be understood that the Treaty regarding the foundation of the European Union has delivered certain procurement regarding the implementation of the policies on competition matter[16]. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case[17]. The subject of the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts them the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality. Competition provokes the various companies that are involved in the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the potential growth regarding the marketing policies. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules of comp etition and its effects on the markets. The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a transparent consumer protection policy to secure the interests of the customers. It has been observed later that the European Union has shifted its mentality from the protection of competition law to safeguards of the consumers. One of the main reasons behind the same is that there are certain loopholes have been cropped up regarding the competition policies. It is a fact that the competition policies had provided many opportunities to the European Union and therefore, it is important to implement necessary steps to lubricate the way of the competition policies and intervention of the Court of Justice is important in this regard. References Baker, Jonathan B., and Steven C. Salop. "Antitrust, competition policy, and inequality."Geo. LJ Online104 (2015): 1. Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. Buonanno, Laurie, and Neill Nugent.Policies and policy processes of the European Union. Palgrave macmillan, 2013. Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. Kaczorowska-Ireland, Alina.Competition Law in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy. Routledge, 2014. McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [1] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [2] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [3] Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. [4] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [5] McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. [6] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [7] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [8] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [9] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [10] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [11] Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [12] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [13] Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013 [14] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [15] McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. [16] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [17] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.